Ears, Nose, Throat

Front 1

Three layers of the tympanic membrane?

Back 1

1) Pars flaccida- upper portion, little support
2) Pars tensa- lower portion, taut
3) Umbo- center, attached to tip of malleus

Front 2

Auditory ossicles

Back 2

Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

Front 3

Vestibule and Semicircular canal

Back 3

maintain equilibrium

Front 4

Semicircular canals contain

Back 4

cristae- respond to body movement, control balance

Front 5

Cochlea

Back 5

organ of hearing

Front 6

For position and symmetry of auricle

Back 6

Tip of ear should line up with corner of eye.

Front 7

Low set ears can =

Back 7

congenital disorders

Front 8

Pain while pulling the auricle back is a sign of?

Back 8

otitis externa

Front 9

Inspect opening of ear for?

Back 9

* Discharge- color, consistency
* Redness
* Odor
* Nodules, masses, cysts, pimples
* Foreign bodies

Front 10

The TM should look?

Back 10

pearl gray, transparent

Front 11

Decreased motion of the TM is a sign of?

Back 11

* increased pressure in the inner ear

*as with otitis media, serous otitis, eustachian tube dysfunction

Front 12

Increased TM mobility is a sign of?

Back 12

perforation

Front 13

Blockage of EAC by cerumen - S/S

Back 13

* decreases hearing
* causes discomfort
* can affect equilibrium
* pressure in ear canal

Front 14

Otitis Externa: “Swimmers Ear”(OM) - S/S

Back 14

* Ear pain (especially with auricle tug)
* redness & inflammation of EAC
* flaking or maceration of tissue
* discharge from EAC

Front 15

Types of Acute Otitis Media: (AOM)

Back 15

1) OM
2) Serous OM
3) Bullous Myringitis

Front 16

Acute Otitis Media - S/S

Back 16

* Ear pain (not affected by auricle tug)
* sensation of fullness in the ear
* decreased hearing
* URI symptoms, fever
* irritability in infants

Front 17

Back 17

AOM

Front 18

Back 18

Serous OM

Front 19

Back 19

Serous OM

Front 20

Back 20

Bullous Myringitis

Front 21

Back 21

Bullous Myringitis

Front 22

Back 22

Cholesteotoma - A skin cyst of the middle ear that grows destructively and affects hearing

Front 23

Describe the Auditory acuity-whisper test

Back 23

1) Stand 2 ft behind the patient, have pt cover tragus of one ear with his finger

2) Whisper a number with 2-3 syllables (68, 100, 99 etc)

3) Repeat other ear

Front 24

Weber test

Back 24

* Strike against your hand and place on top of patients head

Front 25

Webber test results

Back 25

* If lateralizes to impaired ear = conductive hearing loss

* If lateralized to good ear = sensorineural hearing loss

Front 26

Describe a normal weber’s test

Back 26

hearing equal in both ears

Front 27

Rinne test

Back 27

1) Strike tuning fork and place on mastoid process

2) When patient tells you tone stops, move to front of ear

* Normal is air 2x bone

Front 28

Rinne test results

Back 28

* If in hearing loss ear
bone > air = conductive hearing loss

* If in hearing loss ear
air > bone = sensorineural hearing loss

Front 29

Most common area for epistaxis?

Back 29

anterior and inferior septum in Kiesselbach's plexus

Front 30

Angioedema - definition

Back 30

rapidly developing, tense swelling of the lips, tongue and oral mucosa, usually allergic in origin

Front 31

Angular cheilitis - definition

Back 31

fissures at the corners of the mouth.

Causes: nutritional deficiency, over closure of mouth, infection

Front 32

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - definition

Back 32

* petechial red spots on the lips and oral mucosa.

* Areas may bleed with trauma/irritation.

Front 33

Protrusion of the tongue tests which CN?

Back 33

* cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)

* Tongue points toward muscular deficit.

Front 34

Torus palatinus - definition

Back 34

midline bony growth on hard palate

Front 35

Leukoplakia - definition

Back 35

“white patch” thickened white patch on the oral mucosa or tongue, results from local irritant.

Front 36

Aphthous Ulcer - definition

Back 36

* (canker sore) a painful, round, ulcer.

* White ulcer on a red base.

* Can occur on gums, tongue, and oral mucosa

Front 37

Koplick spots - definition

Back 37

* small white specks against a red background, “grains of salt”.

* An early sign of measles

Front 38

Atrophic Glossitis - definition

Back 38

* smooth and sore tongue, lacks papillae.

Causes: ribofalvin, niacin, folic acid, B12, pyridoxine, or iron deficiency, or recent chemotherapy.

Front 39

Peritonsillar Abscess - definition

Back 39

* Complication of tonsillitis which results in collection of pus near the tonsil (abscess).

* Red, edematous tonsils and pharynx, exudates, mass like uvula deviation.

Front 40

Name the ten lymph nodes for the midterm

Back 40

1) Preauricular
2) Posterior auricular
3) Occipital
4) Tonsillar
5) Submandibular
6) Submental
7) Superficial cervical
8) Posterior cervical
9) Deep cervical chain
10) Supraclavicular

Front 41

Which lymph node is a concern is swollen?

Back 41

Supraclavicalar enlargement suggests metastasis

Front 42

Diffuse lymphadenopathy suspect?

Back 42

HIV/AIDs or Lymphoma

Front 43

Posterior Cervical and Occipital adenopathy is seen with?

Back 43

Mononucleosis

Front 44

Anterior Cervical adenopathy is seen in?

Back 44

URI and strep throat

Front 45

Goiter - PE findings?

Back 45

* thyroid enlargement

* soft enlargement, non-tender

Front 46

Thyroiditis - PE findings

Back 46

tender enlargement of gland

Front 47

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - PE findings

Back 47

firm enlargement

Front 48

Malignant thyroid masses: PE findings

Back 48

* firm, asymmetry of mass

* ill defined margins

* non-tender

Front 49

Thyroglossal duct cyst - definition

Back 49

* fibrous cyst that are due to persistent thyroglossal duct formed during embryonic development of the thyroid gland.

* Midline mass, non-tender