Early U.s. History Test 2

Front 1

What was the primary causes of population growth in the colonies?

Back 1

1. Natural Increase (1/2 of women had 8 children or more)

2. Influx of new immigrants from Germany, Scotland/Ireland and Africa (slaves)

Front 2

What was the result of the Navigation Acts of 1696?

Back 2

1. Established customs service (can only legally trade with the English)

2. Created a board of trade (regulated by English government)

Front 3

These were essentially powerless to raise money b/c power lied in the hands of the colonial assemblies?

Back 3

Governors

Front 4

What is one way that colonies were recognized as being similar?

Back 4

The same consumption habits (fabric, furniture, tea).

Front 5

What was a major problem facing the cities of Boston and New York prior to the American Revolution?

Back 5

Poverty (doubles in Boston and quadruples in NY)

Front 6

This was a mass religious revival b/w 1734-1780?

Back 6

The Great Awakening

Front 7

Who was on the first to establish the new religion in Northampton Virginia

Back 7

Jonathan Edwards

Front 8

Who was on the most popular Great Awakening preachers whose supporters included Benjamin Franklin?

Back 8

George Whitfield

Front 9

This person had an itinerant style similar to Whitfield and says that problems lie with local ministers who are not doing their job?

Back 9

Gilbert Tennent

Front 10

What is some major causes of the French and Indian War?

Back 10

1.Overpopulation and Expansion (immigration and land speculation).

2. French cease gifts to Indians

3. Strength of English (can produce goods cheaper than the French and Indians uses trade with English to check French power).

Front 11

What components led to the French having early success in the French and Indian War?

Back 11

1. Indian allies

2. Regular militia that was ongoing at all times.

Front 12

What components led to the English being weak in the beginning of the French and Indian War?

Back 12

1. Assemblies slowed down action and fostered a lack of unity b/c of mistrust b/w colonies

2. Lord Loudon made irrational demands that angered the colonists.

3. Colonies refused to vote for Albany Plan of Union that called for a single assembly to represent all of the colonies.

4. English army used discipline and fear tactics than angered the colonists.

Front 13

What was a turning point in the French and Indian War?

Back 13

The English success at Fr. William Henry in 1757

Front 14

Who took over the British common in the French and Indian War and appointed new generals such as James Wolfe, Jeffrey Amherst, and John Forbes?

Back 14

William Pitt

Front 15

This was the final campaign in the French and Indian War?

Back 15

Ticonderoga in 1758

Front 16

What happens in the Treaty of Easton (PA) in 1758?

Back 16

Iroquois are given Ohio

Front 17

What happens in 1763 regarding the French?

Back 17

They evacuate North America.

Front 18

After the French and Indian War Americans felt this toward the British?

Back 18

Equals (Empire of Equals)

Front 19

This was the Delaware prophet who led a nativist revival following the French and Indian War?

Back 19

Neolin

Front 20

What led to Pontiac's War in 1763?

Back 20

1. British cut trade (like the French previously did)

2. British keep forts

Front 21

What was the purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764?

Back 21

Lowers duty on imported molasses from French West Indies so that people will report those who smuggle it in b/c it is now cheaper to do it legally.

Front 22

What was the purpose of the currency act of 1764?

Back 22

Prevents colonies from printing own currency.

Front 23

What was the purpose of the stamp act?

Back 23

1. Tax on legal documents that was directly issues by Parliament and was meant to help offset the costs to operate the empire

Front 24

What was the Stamp Act Congress?

Back 24

Requested repeal of stamp act, said that people should not be taxed without representation (assert right to be taxed by assemblies, not Parliament).

Front 25

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

Back 25

Group of men who coordinate boycotts following acts such as the Stamp Act. Generally middle class, with elite allies such as Sam Adams and John Hancock.

Front 26

This stated that Parliament retains the ability to tax at will?

Back 26

Declaratory Act

Front 27

What were the results of the Townsend Acts of 1767?

Back 27

1. Colonists pay 1/4 of taxes than those of England)

2. Tax on imports such as glass, tea, paint (duty tax)

3. Used to pay salaries of colonial officers and imperial governors. (viewed tax as way to avoid corrupt governors)

4. Was used to assert crown's authority

Front 28

What happened regarding the Intolerable Acts of 1774?

Back 28

1.Port of Boston was closed until they paid for the Tea that was destroyed during the Boston Tea Party.

2. Led to impartial administration of justice (Boston people were charged for crimes in England instead of colonies)

3. Led to Quarter Act

4. Led to Quebec Act that allowed for Catholicism in the new empire which angered the colonists)

Front 29

This occurred in response to the Intolerable Acts?

Back 29

1. Continental Congress met the Summer of 1774.

2. Called for Boycott of British imported goods

Front 30

What was the siege that led to the beginning of the American Revolution?

Back 30

The Battle of Concord

Front 31

How did Parliament react to the call for Independence by the 2nd continental congress?

Back 31

Refused to even read it on the Parliament floor (Royal Rejection)

Front 32

What was Dunmore's Proclamation?

Back 32

VA governor declares that any slave owned by those in rebellion who runs away is free.

Front 33

What was the last major military confrontation during the American Revolution?

Back 33

Yorktown in 1781 Cornwallis is besieged and surrenders.

Front 34

This was the official end of the American War?

Back 34

Treaty of Paris in 1783

Front 35

What limitations existed with the Articles of Confederation?

Back 35

Taxation and Enforcement

Front 36

What challenges faced the Articles of Confederation?

Back 36

1. Aftermath of War

2. Economic Depression

Front 37

What was a result of the Constitutional Convention?

Back 37

VA plan adopted that called for the format of a strong central government.

Front 38

Who was the first secretary of treasury? secretary of state?

Back 38

1. Alexander Hamilton

2. Thomas Jefferson

Front 39

Who did the Federalist support? Antifederalist?

Back 39

1. Alexander Hamilton

2. James Madison and Thomas Jefferson (Virginians)

Front 40

What led to the Whiskey Rebellion?

Back 40

1. Settlers want to trade to Ohio River Valley

2. A tax was placed on spirits, settlers in Western PA vowed not to pay.

3. Washington personally accompanied 13,000 troops who squashed the rebellion

Front 41

How did Washington feel that America should react to the French Revolution?

Back 41

Remain neutral and keep trade ties with Britain and France

Front 42

What divisions existed among the Western Great Plains Indians?

Back 42

1. Generational (older more willing to compromise)

2. Ethnic (increasing numbers of mixed race Indians)

3. Trade Goods (important symbolically to gain power and become important for Indian survival)

Front 43

What did Hamilton's plan of Finance center around?

Back 43

Whether or not to incur debt

Front 44

Who did the Federalist support?

Back 44

Hamilton and preferred economic ties with the British

Front 45

Who did the Democratic Republicans support?

Back 45

The French

Front 46

Who were the two people vying for president in 1800 election?

Back 46

John Adams (current president) and Thomas Jefferson

Front 47

What kind of government did Jefferson espouse?

Back 47

Small agrarian government, was more sympathetic toward the French

Front 48

What happened with the ballots with Jefferson and Burr?

Back 48

Tied at 35 ballots each, went before house of reps. and one rep. from Delaware withdrew finally swaying the vote toward Jefferson, making Burr VP.

Front 49

What were two task under Jefferson?

Back 49

1. Cut federal spending

2. Tried to decommission federal banks

Front 50

What was Marbury v. Madison?

Back 50

1801 Judiciary Act appointed 15 new judges, changed number of supremes from 6 to 5, and appointed 41 "midnight judges" as justices of the peace. Madison refused to honor this decree so William Marbury sues and loses.

Front 51

This gave the US the right to use the port of New Orleans in 1795?

Back 51

San Lorenzo

Front 52

In 1801 the Spanish gave this back to the French?

Back 52

Louisiana

Front 53

When did the Louisiana Purchase occur?

Back 53

1803

Front 54

Why was Napoleon willing to sell Louisiana to US?

Back 54

He wanted to conquer Haiti for their sugar plantations and use the Port of New Orleans to ship the sugar. After he fails in Haiti he has no need for Louisiana anymore.

Front 55

This 1806 decree forbids trade with England by the French?

Back 55

Berlin Decree

Front 56

This stated that all neutral ships must stop in British ports?

Back 56

1806 Orders in Council (Trafalgar)

Front 57

These Indian groups saw the US as a good supply of horses, guns, etc during the Lewis and Clark expedition?

Back 57

Mandan, Shoshone, Nez Perce

Front 58

This group did not like the US presence during the Lewis and Clark Expeditions?

Back 58

Comanche, Sioux, Blackfoot

Front 59

What was the motivation for westward migration?

Back 59

1. Overpopulation

2. Soil Exhaustion

3. Slaves

Front 60

What did westward migration center around in the Northwest?

Back 60

Speculation and Innovation. Sought to establish townships modeled after New England and established improvement to entice settlers such as roads and schools

Front 61

What did westward migration center around in the Southwest

Back 61

Speculation and Replication of plantations and slaves in South (MS, AL, TN)

Front 62

What were two major interior urban areas established during the Westward Migration?

Back 62

1. Pittsburgh (iron glass, shipping, industry)

2. St. Louis (furs, shipping, trade)

Front 63

These two Indian brothers/leaders sought out rejection of white culture? what was the town they established?

Back 63

1. Tenskwataw and Tecumseh

2. Prophetstown

Front 64

What led to Prophetstown being destroyed??

Back 64

Battle at Tippecanoe

Front 65

What led to war of 1812?

Back 65

1. Western and Southern Warhawks were angry with British support of the Indians.

2. Impressment and honor

Front 66

What ended the War of 1812?

Back 66

Treaty of Ghent signed December 24, 1814