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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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(1680's) What were the strengths of PTG (Peter the Great) foreign relations?
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•Russia was slowly becoming involved in European affairs via increasing trade and the exchanging of ambassadors throughout the 17th century
•Eastern Ukraine, Smolensk and Kiev had been added to Russia's land within the last century, at the expense of the poles •Russia could have allied with Sweden to subdue under the common cause or removing one of the anti-reformation powers in Europe •The polish republic and Swedish empire were slowly declining as the Russia began expanding (The polish due to its wars with Sweden and the Swedes due to its weak political hold of the Baltic sea that the Russians needed) •Russia's empire was already the largest single state in all of Europe before Peter was born and its population and is increasing strong economy gave Peter a head start in his own expansion |
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What were the effects on Peter- when considering these strengths?
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•Russia ever increasing presence in Europe would lead to massively improved relations with other Super-powers - Which can in turn increase trade
•Russia sheer size and man power could provide Peter with all the tools needed to carry out his expansion, modernization and integration into European affairs •The decline of Sweden and Poland provide Peter with key targets for his expansion of Russia (for example the Baltic) |
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What were the weaknesses of PTG foreign relations- consdering how they would effect Peter?
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•Russia could not hope to defeat both the Swedish and the Ottoman empires at the same time
•Russia was under develop, wasn't modernized as other countries where- Russia was considered weak by others |
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What were the strengths and weakness of the economy in Russia before PTG?
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Strengths
•No class system •Economic relations grew- beneficial when finding allies, and also can help with trade •The ruler had control over large scale production Weaknesses •Agriculture •The dutch had control of the Baltic sea- Key trading port •Russia was old fashioned, The tsar would have to work hard to modernise Russia |
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What were the strengths and weakness of religion in Russia before PTG?
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Strengths
•Nikons contact with the outside world develop •The tsar had to follow the conduct of the church (Tsar were controlled meaning they were limited in what they could do) Weaknesses •Religious life is to controlling/strong •The tsars had to follow the conduct of the church (Practicing religion was time consuming) • Rebellion in church over the reforms |
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Why were Religious issues weakening Russia?
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•Before Peter- A religious conflict took place because of reforms brought about by Nikon. In addition Nikon wanted to separate the church from gone state so the tsar no longer had power to rule the church. - This is problem as many people did not like these reforms/ didn't want to relearn certain topics.- shows religious life was too controlling.
•The ruler had little influence over the church , implies the patriarch had more power/however could be positive as it meant Nikons contact with the outside world developed - can develop allies |
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Why were geographical issues weakening Russia? (1680's)
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•Location of Russia posed a threat e.g. The soil around Russia was poor and crop rotation was impossible due to harsh climate change- linked with economic issues as they needed to import resources, this was difficult due to iced ports.
• Didn't have access to the Baltic or Black Sea, if they could have export and import gaining them higher income, could also send supplies to families around the country |
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Why was foreign policy a strength and weakness for Russia?
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•Strength- involved in European affairs
•Charles had control of provinces between Russia and the Baltic Sea- put pressure on Peter as he had no hope to defeat Sweden as well as the Ottoman Empire instead should focus on claiming Ottoman empires vassal states by the Baltic Sea - could open up trade |
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Why was the economy the worst issues facing Russia ?
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•Russia was too far behind in economy e.g. Trade
• However not completely bad when linking with trade unions , it did have the chance to improve when relations with neighbouring countries where made e.g. they would have allies in wars as trade could be improved |
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Why were Religious issues weakening Russia?
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•Before Peter- A religious conflict took place because of reforms brought about by Nikon. In addition Nikon wanted to separate the church from gone state so the tsar no longer had power to rule the church. - This is problem as many people did not like these reforms/ didn't want to relearn certain topics.- shows religious life was too controlling.
•The ruler had little influence over the church , implies the patriarch had more power/however could be positive as it meant Nikons contact with the outside world developed - can develop allies |
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Why were geographical issues weakening Russia? (1680's)
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•Location of Russia posed a threat e.g. The soil around Russia was poor and crop rotation was impossible due to harsh climate change- linked with economic issues as they needed to import resources, this was difficult due to iced ports.
• Didn't have access to the Baltic or Black Sea, if they could have export and import gaining them higher income, could also send supplies to families around the country |
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Why was foreign policy a strength and weakness for Russia?
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•strength- involved in European affairs
•Charles had control of provinces between Russia and the Baltic Sea- put pressure on Peter as he had no hope to defeat Sweden as well as the Ottoman Empire instead should focus on claiming Ottoman empires vassal states by the Baltic Sea - could open up trade |
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Why was the economy the worst issues facing Russia ?
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•Russia was too far behind in economy e.g. Trade
• However not completely bad when linking with trade unions , it did have the chance to improve when relations with neighbouring countries where made e.g. they would have allies in wars as trade could be improved |
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Why was politics a weakness in Russia?
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Church had more power than the tsar it would seem however some would say the tsars had the respect of noblemen who would somewhat when meeting him.
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Why were Religious issues weakening Russia?
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•Before Peter- A religious conflict took place because of reforms brought about by Nikon. In addition Nikon wanted to separate the church from gone state so the tsar no longer had power to rule the church. - This is problem as many people did not like these reforms/ didn't want to relearn certain topics.- shows religious life was too controlling.
•The ruler had little influence over the church , implies the patriarch had more power/however could be positive as it meant Nikons contact with the outside world developed - can develop allies |
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Why were geographical issues weakening Russia? (1680's)
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•Location of Russia posed a threat e.g. The soil around Russia was poor and crop rotation was impossible due to harsh climate change- linked with economic issues as they needed to import resources, this was difficult due to iced ports.
•Didn't have access to the Baltic or Black Sea, if they could have export and import gaining them higher income, could also send supplies to families around the country |
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Why was foreign policy a strength and weakness for Russia?
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•strength- involved in European affairs
•Charles had control of provinces between Russia and the Baltic Sea- put pressure on Peter as he had no hope to defeat Sweden as well as the Ottoman Empire instead should focus on claiming Ottoman empires vassal states by the Baltic Sea - could open up trade |
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Why was the economy the worst issues facing Russia ?
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•Russia was too far behind in economy e.g. Trade
•However not completely bad when linking with trade unions , it did have the chance to improve when relations with neighbouring countries where made e.g. they would have allies in wars as trade could be improved |
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Why was politics a weakness in Russia?
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Church had more power than the tsar it would seem however some would say the tsars had the respect of noblemen who would somewhat when meeting him.
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What was Regent Sophia like?
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•She had an unusually wide education
•Strong willed, intelligent and ambitious •She triumphed over the Naryshkins by indicating the Streltsy into revolt • Promoted industry and attracted more foreigners to Russia • Had ambitious plans for reform in Russia •Was keen when it came to international affairs • Rule was effective - improve Russian influence in the west, opened a window on the west through the Black Sea •Sent young Russians aboard for education |
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What did Hughes say about Sophia?
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'Malice and cunning'
'conducted the affairs of the empire for a number of years 'she was capable of ruling' |
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What were the causes of the Streltsy revolt?
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•Steltsy were annoyed as first because their pay was being cut and their colonels were mistreating them
•The Streltsy felt a sense of duty to rid the state of its enemies- e.g. Ivan Naryshkin, the Naryshkins were accused of plotting to kill Feodor and murdering brother Ivan •Factions between the Naryskins and the Miloslavskii family- Sophia spreading rumors about brother Ivan |
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What were the events of the Streltsy Revolt ?
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•Colonel of the Streltsy was accused of withholding half their ( the Streltsy) pay
•Solider were whipped •The Streltsy attacked the soldiers guards and liberated t prisoners •Streltsy accused their colonels of cheating and maltreatment • Rumors spread that Feodor had not died naturally but was poisoned by foreign doctors, these doctors had been supported by boyars and the Naryshkins • Lack of respect at Feodors funeral (rumors Brother Ivan pushed Sophia to the ground and mockingly place the crown in his head) •The Streltsy advanced to the Kremlin in the belief that they Naryshkins have murdered Peters half brother Ivan |
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What were the events of the Streltsy Revolt ?
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(Refer to poster titled Events of the Streltsy revolt)
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What were the consequences of the Streltsy revolt?
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Complete this cue card- numbers in book !
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What events in Peter's early life had the biggest impact on Peter's future actions?
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•Streltsy revolt 1682- He may no longer feel safe in his home,(his guards cart protect him) may have influenced the reason he made St. Petersbury can capital
•Natalia and Peter moved outside of Moscow to Preobrazhenskoe •Sophia became regent •Peter developed his own interests, such as sailing, joinery and woodturning, and to build up a circle of friends- Can influence army and navy in the future- expand Army •At 14, Peter plated and developed his 'soldiers' •Peter removes Sophia from power 1689 •Peter becomes co-tsar •Peter's mother, Natalia, dies-Peter then went wondering-didn't want to rule so went to German quarter •Contact with foreigners in the German quarter- German woman in the bar, close friendship with people, German mysterious •1693 Peter visited Archangel on the White Sea, Russia's only important port. -Expand army and relevant ports |
