Early Ideas About Evolution And Other Things

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Carolus Linnaeus
- Occupation
-Theory

Back 1

- Swedish Botanist
- Developed a classification system for all types of organisms + thought organisms changed through hybridization crossing.

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Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon
-Occupation
-Theory

Back 2

-French Botanist
-Proposed that species shared ancestors instead of arising separately + believed the Earth was more than 6000 years old.

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Erasmus Darwin
-Occupation
-Theory

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-English doctor and poet
-Proposed that all living things were descended from a common ancestor + more-complex life forms arose from less-complex life forms.
+Charles Darwin's grandfather+ Charles expanded this theory over 65 years.

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Jean-Baptiste Lamark
-Occupation
-Theory

Back 4

-French Naturalist
-Proposed that all organisms evolved towards perfection and complexity
-Thought species did not go extinct; they evolved into different forms.
-Proposed that changes in an environment caused an organisms behavior to change leading to greater use or disuse of an organ.
- The organism would pass changes to it's offspring
-Known as "THE INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED TRAITS"

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Hybridization

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(genetics) the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids.

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Gradualism

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Canyons caused by rivers show gradual change.
- the idea that changes on Earth occurred by small steps over longs periods of time.

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Adaptations

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characteristics that allow an organism to better survive in it's environment

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Fossils

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Preserved or petrified remains of a dead organism

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Artificial Selection

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A process in which HUMANS change a species by breeding it for certain traits.

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Natural Selection

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A method by which organisms that have traits that are beneficial to their survival will produce more offspring than other individuals.

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Heritatbility

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the ability of a trait to be passed on from one generation to the next.

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Species

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Many organisms that are physically and genetically nearly identical.

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Population

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when several organisms from a species gather together in a particular area.

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Fitness

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measure of the ability to survive and produce offspring

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Phylogeny

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the evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species. Usually in the shape of a tree.

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Phylogeneic Tree

Back 16

shows how closely related two groups are and how once-related species evolved interdependently