Early Childhood Development Midterm

Front 1

Why study Early Childhood Development from a multicultural perspective?

Back 1

Parents socialize children differently
Different learning patters and language

Front 2

Give the views on early childhood of the following cultures: African Americans, Native Americans, Chinese/Japanese, Slavery/Colonialism

Back 2

AFRICAN AMERICANS: Children are valued and accepted throughout the community
NATIVE AMERICANS: Children are considered essential for the natural order, social relationships are valued, child rearing extends to the entire community.
CHINESE/JAPANESE: emphasis harmony and teachings of Confucius, learned through imitation
SLAVERY/COLONIALISM: Collectivism, shared resources and child rearing responsibilities

Front 3

Describe Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory

Back 3

ORAL STAGE-- all gratification comes through an oral experience
ANAL STAGE-- learning to be toilet trained
PHALLIC STAGE-- identifying with same-sex organisms
LATENCY-- before puberty, children are still identifying with same sex
GENITAL-- sexual interest in opposite sex increases

Front 4

Describe Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

Back 4

TRUST vs. MISTRUST-- security and attachment
AUTONOMY vs SHAME AND DOUBT-- when children begin to do what they want to do, no sense of self control
INITIATIVE vs GUILT-- Socially aware
INDUSTRY vs INFERIORITY-- Resolving conflicting issues

Front 5

What theorist(s) is/are associated with the psycho theory?

Back 5

Erikson and Freud

Front 6

What theorist(s) is/are associated with the maturational theory?

Back 6

Arnold Gazelle

Front 7

Describe Gazelle's maturational theory

Back 7

Environment affects development, suggests that children develop in a particular time frame (crawl before walk)

Front 8

What theorist(s) is/are associated with the Behaviorist Theory?

Back 8

Pavlov and Bendor

Front 9

Describe Pavolv's Classical Conditioning Theory

Back 9

Bell ringing and the dog slobbering thinking it's dinner time. Came to the conclusion that we associate neutral stimuli with something completely unrelated

Front 10

What was Bf Skinner's addition to the Classical Conditioning Theory?

Back 10

Operate Conditioning-- Behavior changes through a positive or negative consequence that followed the behavior. I.E. getting stickers

Front 11

What' Bendor's social Learning Theory?

Back 11

Humans learn behavior by imitation, they saw what got a response and that's how they behave.

Front 12

What's modeling?

Back 12

How the teacher presents herself, behaves, and responds is something that will reenforce children behavior.

Front 13

What theorist(s) is/are associated with the Humanistic Theory?

Back 13

Carol Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Front 14

What is Carl Rogers' theory?

Back 14

Promoted the individual which allows for self actualization and full potential

Front 15

What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Back 15

BIOLOGICAL NEEDS-- eating, shelter clothing, warmth
SAFETY NEEDS-- protection from others, order, laws
BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE NEEDS-- knowing their loved
ESTEEM NEEDS-- for achievement, responsibility
SELF-ACTUALIZATION-- working to full potential

Front 16

What is a criticism of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Back 16

It is in a pyramid form, you can be hungry and still want to feel loved.

Front 17

What is Piaget's cognitive Development and Constructivist Theory and the importance?

Back 17

SENSORIMOTOR-- intelligence through experience
PRE OPERATIONAL-- symbolizing language
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL-- abstract thinking
FORMAL OPERATIONAL-- more accurate perceptions
IMPORTANCE-- sequential growth and development in the domain of cognition, not social or physical aspect.

Front 18

Why do we observe?

Back 18

Assessment, reflection of practice, curriculum planning, guidance, problem solving.

Front 19

What is an anecdotal record?

Back 19

Short, simple narrative that captures the moment.

Front 20

What is a running record?

Back 20

Written, open-ended narrative of everything that is going on. The observer is away from what is happening and objectively writing everything, including times and quotes.

Front 21

What are things that can negatively impact a child's development before they are even born.

Back 21

Economic condition of the family, healthcare, behavior and social environment, education, poverty, single parents.

Front 22

Name things that can differ between cultures

Back 22

Temperament (slow to warm up), environment (positively and negatively), diseases (Asians are more prone to blood disease)

Front 23

Explain the process of birth. (dilation, transition, expulsion of the fetus)

Back 23

DILATION-- cervix is expanded to 10 cm to fit the head of the baby
TRANSITION-- baby's head moving towards the opening of the cervix
EXPULSION OF THE FETUS-- when the the child is breathing on its own, the cord is them camped and tied off.

Front 24

What's a breach?

Back 24

When children are not position head first for delivery

Front 25

What's the nuclear family and its advantages?

Back 25

Biological-- mom, dad, etc.; typically socioeconomically well off.

Front 26

What's the extended family and its advantages?

Back 26

Grandparents, uncles, aunts; allows for a broader range of child care and child rearing practices

Front 27

What's collectivism?

Back 27

Culturally extension to people are not blood related to the child/family but they become a part of the family because of their closeness.

Front 28

Describe single parent families.

Back 28

1/3 of the population, common in lower socioeconomic families, African American communities, and underrepresented groups.

Front 29

Describe the 6 reflexes of an infant.

Back 29

GRASPING,
MORO (starting movements),
SUCKING,
WALKING
HABITUATION (looking at things less when they are familiar with them).

Front 30

What are some environmental risk factors for infants?

Back 30

Illness/prematurity, lower socioeconomic, SIDS

Front 31

What is a checklist?

Back 31

Third kind of observation tool where you can see patterns of development extremely subjectively.

Front 32

What is a dendrite?

Back 32

Tissue off of the neurons that receives information

Front 33

What is a synapses?

Back 33

Connection of the dendrites and the axon

Front 34

What is the myelinization?

Back 34

Tissue that wraps itself around the axon to protect it.

Front 35

What is cortisol?

Back 35

Hormone produced if child is abused where the number of synapses decreases.

Front 36

What is pruning?

Back 36

When children forget or 'lose' abilities to do things because they are not needed.

Front 37

What is the difference between the left and right brain?

Back 37

The left side is more logical and mathematical while the right is more intuitive

Front 38

What are Piaget's Stages of Development?

Back 38

REFLEXES,
PRIMARY CIRCULAR REACTION (do not realize causal effect),
SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION (hitting toys against something),
COORDINATION OF THE SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION,
TERTIARY CIRCULAR REACTIONS,
MENTAL COMBINATIONS

Front 39

What are some examples of infant play in cognitive development?

Back 39

motor play, imitation games, simple pretense (basic dramatic play)

Front 40

What are two types of communication?

Back 40

Receptive and productive

Front 41

What is receptive communication?

Back 41

When the individual takes in the language and begin to understand the meanings behind words.

Front 42

What is productive communication?

Back 42

The form of communicating where you let someone know something, communicate some sort of message.

Front 43

What is syntax?

Back 43

Phrases, clauses, expression in language