Earliest Hominins

Front 1

adaptive shift of early hominins

Back 1

bipedal but lived in forests- still spent a lot of time in trees

Front 2

bipedality evolved around the time when...

Back 2

hominins diverged from chimp/bonobo lineage

Front 3

adaptive advantages of bipedality

Back 3

1. efficient way to travel on ground for ape
2. good way to keep cool (body, brain)
3. leaves hands free for carrying things
4. efficient for harvesting food from small trees

Front 4

3 types of australopithecines

Back 4

australopithecus
paranthropus
kenyanthropus

Front 5

how to estimate growth rate

Back 5

age estimates for dental eruption patterns

Front 6

saggital crest (mohawk)

Back 6

enlarges attachment area for jaw muscles- adaptation for heavy chewing (huge molars)

-tough plant material, possibly meat

Front 7

selective pressures on last ancestor of Homo and Paranthropus

Back 7

seasonal environment- need many food sources
vulnerability to terrestrial predators

Front 8

how did hominins cope with seasonality?

Back 8

Paran- big molars, huge jaws, chewing muscles

Austr- smaller teeth (more meat)

Front 9

hunting and food sharing

Back 9

large kills shared more than small kills

but small fraction of total cals