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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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extends from auricle (pinna) through external auditory canal (external acoustic meatus) to tympanic membrane
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external ear
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funnels sound?
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auricle (pinna) of the ear
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made of elastic cartilage?
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auricle (pinna) of the ear
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sends cutaneous innervation to medial surface of the ear (back of ear), helix, antihelix, and lobule?
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Major: great auricular n. (C2 and C3); Minor: lesser occipital n. (C2)
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medial surface of the ear (back of ear) receives cutaneous innervation from?
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great auricular n. (C2 and C3) and lesser occipital n. (C2)
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helix of ear receives cutaneous innervation from?
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great auricular n. (C2 and C3) and lesser occipital n. (C2)
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antihelix of ear receives cutaneous innervation from?
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great auricular n. (C2 and C3) and lesser occipital n. (C3)
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lobule of ear receives cutaneous innervation from?
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great auricular n. (C2 and C3) and lesser occipital n. (C2)
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sends cutaneous innervation to skin of the tragus, external auditory canal, and anterior external ear?
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Major: auriculotemporal n. V3; Minor: Vagus n. X and Facial n. VII
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skin of the tragus receives cutaneous innervation from?
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auriculotemporal n. V3, Vagus n. X, and Facial n. VII
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external auditory canal receives cutaneous innervation from?
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auriculotemporal n. V3, Vagus n. X, and Facial n. VII
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anterior external ear receives cutaneous innervation from?
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auriculotemporal n. V3, Vagus n. X, and Facial n. VII
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What happens if a n. is lesioned that sends cutaneous innervation to the ear?
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no significant cutaneous loss
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lateral 1/3 of this is cartilage and medial 2/3 is bone (petrous portion of temporal bone)?
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external acoustic meatus
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runs anteromedially in head
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external acoustic meatus
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contains ceruminous glands in the cartilage portion to produce "ear wax"
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external acoustic meatus
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cutaneous innervation to external acoustic meatus?
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auriculotemporal n. V3, Vagus n. X, and Facial n. VII
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divides external ear and middle ear?
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tympanic membrane
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parts of external ear?
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tympanic membrane, external acoustic meatus, auricle (pinna)
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tympanic membrane is which part of ear?
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external
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external acoustic meatus in what part of ear?
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external
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auricle (pinna) in what part of ear?
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external
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forms a concave, translucent boundary between external and middle ear and consists of three layers
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tympanic membrane
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layers of tympanic membrane?
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outer cutaneous, middle fibrous, inner mucous membrane
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sits at an inferomedial slope w/ the anterior aspect more medial than the posterior aspect
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tympanic membrane
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attaches to tympanic membrane?
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manubrium of malleus bone
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manubrium of malleus bone attaches?
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tympanic membrane
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end of the manubrium that is located at the most concave point of the tympanic membrane?
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umbo
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smaller triangle region of tympanic membrane found superiorly?
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pars flaccida
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layer of tympanic membrane lacking fibrous layer?
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pars flaccida
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remainder of tympanic membrane?
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pars tensa
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cutaneous innervation to internal part of tympanic membrane?
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Glossopharyngela n. IX
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cutaneous innervation to external part of tympanic membrane?
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auriculotemporal n. V3, branch of Vagus n. X, Facial n. VII
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mucous membrane-lined box w/in the temporal bone
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tympanic cavity in middle ear
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houses the auditory ossicles that amplify the vibrations of the tympanic membrane and transmits them to the inner ear?
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tympanic cavity in middle ear
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auditory ossicles?
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malleus, incus, stapes
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continuous w/ auditory (Eustachian/pharyngotympanic) tubes anteriorly and mastoid air cells posteriorly?
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tympanic cavity in middle ear
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superiorly separated from middle cranial fossa by thin sheet of bone called?
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tegmen tympani
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found below the floor of the tympanic cavity?
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jugular fossa and internal carotid canal
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found anteriorly below tympanic cavity?
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internal carotid canal
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found posteriorly below tympanic cavity?
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jugular fossa
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nickname for malleus bone?
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hammer
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attaches to tympanic membrane by manubrium (handle) laterally and the incus bone medially
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malleus
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movement is dampened by contractions of this m.?
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tensory tympani m. (V3)
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chorda tympani n. runs across the neck of this ossicle and over the tensor tympani m.
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malleus bone
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ossicles derived from first pharyngeal arch?
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malleus bone and incus bone
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nickname for incus?
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anvil bone
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transmits motion form malleus to stapes?
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incus bone
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movement of this bone dampened by conctractions of stapedius m.?
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incus bone
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Innervation: stapedius m.
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n. to stapedius (Facial n. VII)
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crosses medially to malleus bone and laterally to incus bone?
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chorda tympani n.
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derived from 2nd pharyngeal arch?
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stapes bone
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What is the roof of the tympanic cavity?
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tegmen tympani (tegmental wall)
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thin sheet of bone separating the tympanic cavity from the middle cranial fossa
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tegmen tympani
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this is formed by tegmen tympani and houses the head of the malleus bone and the body of the incus bone?
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epitympanic recess
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jugular wall is which side of tympanic cavity?
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floor of tympanic cavity
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floor of tymapnic cavity separates middle ear from jugular fossa in which direction?
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posteriorly
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floor of tympanic cavity separates middle ear from carotid canal in which direction?
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anteriorly
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n. that enters tympanic cavity and spreads out over wall to form tympanic n. plexus?
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tympanic branch of Glossopharyngeal n. IX
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tegmental wall is what side of tympanic cavity?
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roof of tympanic cavity
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carotid wall is what side of tympanic cavity?
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anterior wall of tympanic cavity
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the auditory tube opening connecting the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx
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anterior wall of tympanic cavity
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canal for tensor tympani m.
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anterior wall of tympanic cavity
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foramen for chorda tympani n. exiting to join lingual n. V3?
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anterior wall of tympanic cavity
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exits petrotympanic fissure?
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chorda tympani n. VII
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branch from internal carotid plexus enters?
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anterior wall of tympanic cavity
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lesser petrosal n. exits?
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anterior wall of tympanic cavity
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opening into mastoid air cells?
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posterior (mastoid) wall of tympanic cavity
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what wall is mastoid wall/
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posterior wall of tympanic cavity
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aditus opens into?
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mastoid antrum
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mastoid antrum enters into?
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mastoid air cells
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entry of the foramen of the chorda tympani n.?
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posterior wall of tympanic cavity
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pyramidal eminence where stapedius m. enters?
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posterior wall of tympanic cavity
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pyramidal eminence allows insertion of tendon for what m.?
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stapedius m.
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what is the membranous wall of tympanic cavity?
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lateral wall
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wall formed entirely by tympanic membrane
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lateral wall of tympanic cavity
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labyrinthine wall of tympanic cavity?
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medial wall of tympanic cavity
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contains one bulb, two holes and three bulges?
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medial wall of tympanic cavity
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inner ear just medial to this?
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medial wall of tympanic cavity
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contains tympanic plexus?
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medial wall of tympanic cavity
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oval window (fenestra vestibuli) located?
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medial wall of tympanic cavity
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receives base plate of the stapes
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oval window (fenestra vestibuli)
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transmits sounds INTO inner ear
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oval window (fenestra vestibuli)
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round window (fenestra cochlae) on what wall?
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medial wall of tympanic cavity
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serves as pressure release to vibrations that have traveled through the inner ear (cochlea)
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round window (fenestra cochlae)
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dampening device in middle ear?
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round window (fenestra cochlae)
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promontory bulge located?
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medial wall of tympanic cavity
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caused by basal coil of cochlea
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promontory bulge
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prominence of Facial n. VII canal located?
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medial wall of tympanic cavity
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prominence of lateral semicircular canal located?
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medial wall of tympanic cavity
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bulge superior to prominence of Facial n. VII.
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prominence of lateral semicircular canal
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contents of tympanic cavity?
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auditory ossicles, tensor tympani m., stapedius m., chorda tympani n., tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal n.
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auditory ossicles located in?
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tympanic cavity
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tensor tympani m. located in?
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tympanic cavity
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stapedius m. located in?
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tympanic cavity
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chorda tympani n. located in?
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tympanic cavity
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tympanic plexus located in?
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tympanic cavity
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lesser petrosal n. located in?
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tympanic cavity
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Action: mm. of tympanic cavity?
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dampen sound
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contraction of this m. tenses the tympanic membrane and prevents excessive movements of the malleus bone caused by load sounds
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tensor tympani m.
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Innervation: tensor tympani m.
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branches of Mandibular n. V3
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tensor tympani m. enters tympanic cavity how?
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anterior wall
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contraction of this m. prevents excessive movement of the stapes bone
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stapedius m.
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Innervation: stapedius m.
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n. to stapedius (Facial n. VII)
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stapedius m. enters tympanic cavity where?
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pyramidal eminence located on posterior wall
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enters on posterior wall of the tympanic cavity and runs across neck of malleus bone, over tensor tympani m. and medial to incus bone then crosses to exit through anterior wall (petrotympanic fissure)
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chorda tympani n.
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fibers running through chorda tympani n. in the tympanic cavity?
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taste and preganglionic PS
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chorda tympani n. carries special sensory (taste) fibers from?
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anterior 2/3 tongue
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chorda tympani n. carries preganglionic PS fibers to what ganglion?
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submandibular
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tympanix plexus made up of?
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lesser petrosal n., internal carotid plexus, and tympanic branch of Glossopharyngeal n. IX
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internal carotid plexus carries what type of fibers?
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sympathetic
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enters through floor of tympanic cavity where it meets anterior wall?
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tympanic branch of Glossopharyngeal n. IX
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what fibers run through tympanic branch of Glossopharyngeal n. IX in the tympanic cavity?
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PS postganglionic and sensory fibers
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tympanic branch of Glossopharyneal n. IX carries PS innervation to what gland?
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parotid
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tympanic branch of Glossopharyngeal n. IX carries sensory innervation from?
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middle ear
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n. that leave tympanic cavity anteriorly?
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lesser petrosal n.
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this n. carries preganglionic PS fibers to otic ganglion?
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lesser petrosal n.
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lesser petrosal n. carries preganglionic PS fibers to?
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otic ganglion
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lies medial to middle ear
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inner ear
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what portion of inner ear deals w/ balance?
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vestibular portion of inner ear
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what portion of inner ear deals w/ hearing?
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cochlear portion of inner ear
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vibrations introduced by stapes bone at oval window go where?
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through cochlea to round window
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sensory innervation of inner ear?
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Vestibulocochlear CN VIII
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tympanic cavity formed from?
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invagination of 1st pharyngeal pouch
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What pouch contributes to inner lining of tympanic membrane?
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1st pharyngeal pouch
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external auditory meatus from what cleft?
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1st pharyngeal cleft
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Meckel's cartilage of 1st arch gives rise to?
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malleus and incus bones
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stapes from what arch?
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2nd
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three mesenchymal growths from each of the first and second pharyngeal arches fuse to form?
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auricle
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ear malformations such as in Treacher Collins caused by?
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chromosomal abnormalities
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extends to form external auditory meatus and outer surface of tympanic membrane?
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1st cleft
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benign condition caused by failure of auricular hillocks to form?
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preauricular pits
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benign condition caused by formation of accessory hillocks?
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preauricular appendages
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condition caused by loss of function of the stapedius and/or tensor tympani mm.
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hyperacusis
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condition resulting in reduction of movement of ossicles and dampening sounds
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hyperacusis
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infections of the pharynx (Strep infection) can travel through the auditory tubes into the middle ear causing a secondary middle ear infection called?
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otitis media
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ear infections can spread posteriorly to what part of the tympanic cavity if left untreated?
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mastoid air cells through antrum and aditus (mastoiditis)
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if untreated, this can lead to Facial CN VII paralysis, meningitis, and brain abscesses
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otitis media
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leading cause of death in children prior to antibiotics
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otitis media and mastoiditis
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