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25 Cards in this Set
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Bunmei-kaika |
Japan’s “Civilization and enlightenment” movement in the late 1800's (during the Meiji era) known for the westernizationof Japan's culture. |
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Chōnin |
A social class that emerged in Japan during the earlyyears of the Tokugawa period. The majority were merchants, but some werecraftsmen, as well. Farmers were not considered _____, but had their own class (Nōmin). |
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Dōshakuga |
Tradition of zen painting in which depictionsof Buddhist themes are intended to convey the subjective experience ofreceiving spiritual insights or revelations. |
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Haikai |
A popular genre of Japanese linked verse, which developed in thesixteenth century out of the earlier aristocratic renga. It meant"vulgar" or "earthy", and often derived its effect fromsatire and puns. It DOES NOT include orthodox renga or waka. |
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Japonisme |
(French. First used in 1872) the influence of Japanese art, fashion andaesthetics on Western culture. The term is used to refer to Japanese influenceon European art, especially in impressionism. |
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Kanō School |
was the dominant style of painting from the late 15thcentury until the Meiji period which began in 1868, when it divided into other branches. Itproduced a string of major artists over several generations, to which large numbersof unrelated artists trained in workshops of the school can be added. Theschool began by reflecting a renewed influence from Chinese painting, but developed a brightlycoloured and firmly outlined style for large panels decorating the castles ofthe nobility which reflected distinctively Japanese traditions, whilecontinuing to produce monochrome brush paintings in Chinese styles. It wassupported by the Shogunate,effectively representing an official style of art, which "in the 18thcentury almost monopolized the teaching of painting". It drew on the Chinese tradition of literati painting by scholar-bureaucrats,but the painters were firmly professional artists, very generously paid ifsuccessful, who received a formal workshop training in the family workshop, ina similar way to European painters of the Renaissance or Baroque. |
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Karesansui |
The Japanese rock garden or "drylandscape" garden, often called a zen garden, creates a miniature stylizedlandscape through carefully composed arrangements of rocks, water features,moss, pruned trees and bushes, and uses gravel or sand that is raked to representripples in water. A zen garden is usually relatively small, surrounded by awall, and is usually meant to be seen while seated from a single viewpointoutside the garden, such as the porch of the hojo, the residence of the chiefmonk of the temple or monastery. Classical zen gardens were created at templesof Zen Buddhism in Kyoto during the Muromachi period. They were intended toimitate the intimate essence of nature, not its actual appearance, and to serveas an aid to meditation about the true meaning of life. |
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Kibyōshi |
A genre of Japanese picture book produced during the middle of theEdo period, from 1775 to the early 19th century. “yellow booklet”: comic orsatiric picture books. They were typically printed in 10 pagevolumes, many spanning two to three volumes in length, with the average numberof total pages being 30. Considered to be the first purelyadult comicbook in Japanese literature, a large picture spans each page, withdescriptive prose and dialogue filling the blank spaces in the image. |
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Kōan |
Questions not answerable with rational thought. A succinct paradoxical statement or question used as a meditation discipline for novices. |
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Kinpeki-shōhekiga |
Large painting on wall, sliding door, screen,etc. – Featuring mineral pigments on a gold background. BIG, BOLD, FLAT,& GOLD. |
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Mitate |
A technique used in ukiyo-e images, as well as in other creativeforms, in which many layers of meaning are layered atop one another, often tohumorous effect; that is, a technique by which references to historical orfictional events or personages, or ideas, are embedded into images. This mostoften manifests in a juxtaposition of high and low cultures, a common examplebeing the depiction of a Yoshiwara courtesan standing in for, or representing, Bodhidharma,founder of Zen, or one of the classicalChinese Paragons of Filial Pietyrif;mmSi |
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Nihonga |
Japanese-stylepaintings. |
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Nō |
Traditional Japanese theatrical form and one of the oldest extant theatrical forms inthe world. It's name, meaning“talent” or “skill”—is unlike Western narrative drama. |
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Orientalism |
style, artifacts, or traits considered characteristic of the peoples and cultures ofAsia. The representation of Asia, especially the Middle East, in a stereotypedway that is regarded as embodying a colonialist attitude. |
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Sabi |
Taking pleasure in the old, tarnished, and imperfect for its own sake –carries a connotation of loneliness. |
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Satori |
A Japanese Buddhist term for awakening, "comprehension;understanding". In the Zen Buddhist tradition, satori refers to theexperience of kenshō: "seeing into one's true nature". Ken means"seeing," shō means "nature" or "essence.” ______ andkenshō are commonly translated as enlightenment, a word that is also used totranslate bodhi, prajna and buddhahood. |
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Senryū |
A Japanese form of short poetry similar to haiku in construction: three lines with 17 or fewer total morae (or "on",often translated as syllables, but see the article on onji for distinctions). _____ tend to be about human foibleswhile haiku tend to be about nature, and _________ are often cynical or darklyhumorous while haiku are more serious. Unlike haiku, __________ do not include a kireji (cutting word), and do not generally include a kigo, or season word. |
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Shigajiku |
A hanging scroll with a literary inscription written above an inkpainting. This format is a visual extension of the ancient Chinese belief thatpainting and poetry are one. In Japan, ________ developed in the culturalatmosphere of the Five Mountain Temples associated with Zen Buddhism in Kyotoduring the Kamakura period. |
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Tsū |
Connoisseur. A specialist in a given field whose opinion is highly valued,especially in one of the finearts or in matters of taste |
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Ukiyo |
TheFloating World (___________) was anexpression of the new economy and social ambitions of the common townspeople ofthe Edo period (1615-1868). It was, specifically, a world of play andentertainment in Japan's three main cities (Edo [now called Tokyo], Osaka, andKyoto). |
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Ukiyo-e |
“Pictures of the floating world” - Paintings and woodblock prints mainlyof genre subjects. Prints of beautiful women (bijinga) – Actor prints(yakusha-e) – Erotic prints (shunga) – Literary / historical subjects –Landscapes |
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Wabi |
appreciation of austerity, simplicity – loveof tranquility and purity expressed in plain but elegant forms. represents Japaneseaesthetics and a Japanese world view centered on the acceptance of transienceand imperfection. |
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Yōga |
Western-style paintings. The termwas coined in the Meijiperiod, to distinguish such works from indigenoustraditional Japanesepaintings, or Nihonga. |
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Yoshiwara |
In the early 17th century, there was widespreadmale and female prostitution throughout the cities of Kyoto, Edo, and Osaka. Tocounter this, an order of TokugawaHidetada of the Tokugawashogunate restricted prostitution to designated city districts. These districts were Shimabara for Kyōto (1640), Shinmachi for Ōsaka (1624–1644) and ______ for Edo (1617). Aleading motive for the establishment of these districts was the Tokugawashogunate attempt to prevent the nouveau riche Chōnin (townsmen) from engaging in political intrigue. |
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Yūgen |
Is animportant concept in traditional Japanese aesthetics. The exact translation ofthe word depends on the context. In the Chinese philosophical texts the termwas taken from, _______ meant “dim”, “deep” or “mysterious”. In thecriticism of waka poetry, it was used to describe the subtle profundity ofthings that are only vaguely suggested by the poems. |
