E3: The Root

Front 1

what are the general characteristics of the root

Back 1

typically subterranean
positively gravitropic

Front 2

what are the functions of the root

Back 2

anchorage, absorption of water and minerals from soil, and food storage

Front 3

what are the two types of root systems

Back 3

taproot system
fibrous root system

Front 4

describe the taproot system

Back 4

taproot grows downward
lateral roots
in eudicot angiosperms
gymnosperms

Front 5

describe the fibrous root system

Back 5

taproot is short lived
roots develop from step
lateral roots
in monocot angiosperms
ferns

Front 6

roots engaged in uptake of water and are located within the upper 15 cm of soil

Back 6

feeder roots

Front 7

three regions of primary growth activity

Back 7

region of cell division
region of cell elongation
region of cell differentiation

Front 8

describe region of cell division

Back 8

where cells increase in number

Front 9

describe region of cell elongation

Back 9

where cells grow in size

Front 10

describe region of differentiation

Back 10

where cells differenciate into specific cell types
location of root hairs

Front 11

sheath composed of parenchyma cells that covers and protects the apical meristem from damage

Back 11

rootcap

Front 12

a slimy sheath secreted by rootcap cells and covering the growing portions of the root to provide lubracation

Back 12

mucigel

Front 13

specialized amyloplasts (starch storing plastids) that act as gravity sensors

Back 13

statoliths

Front 14

three primary tissues of roots

Back 14

epidermis
cortex
vascular cylinder

Front 15

describe the epidermis

Back 15

covered by cuticle
root hairs

Front 16

describe cortex

Back 16

most of primary body
mostly parenchyma cells that store starch
intercellular spaces
plasmodesmota
apo or sym plastic movement
endodermis
casparian strip

Front 17

movement of substances through the cell wall

Back 17

apoplastic pathway

Front 18

movement of substances through the insdie of cell

Back 18

symplastic pathway

Front 19

innermost layer of cortex

Back 19

endodermis

Front 20

what is the purpose of the casparian strip

Back 20

to protect the vascular cylinder from unwanted debris or microorganisms

Front 21

describe the vascular cylinder

Back 21

consists of primary tissues (xylem and phloem)
non vascular cells (pericycle)
pith sometimes
formed from procambium

Front 22

why is the pericycle important

Back 22

important in secondary growth of roots including origination of lateral roots

Front 23

first primary xylem elements to mature in roots are called

Back 23

protoxylem

Front 24

xylem within the inner portion of the ridges are called

Back 24

metaxylem

Front 25

secondary growth in roots and stems consists of the formation of

Back 25

secondary vascular tissue
periderm

Front 26

a cylindrical meristematic region that completely surrounds the primary xylem and produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Back 26

vascular cambium

Front 27

the periderm is composed of three tissues

Back 27

cork
cork cambium
phelloderm

Front 28

the outer layer of the periderm

Back 28

cork

Front 29

the middle and meristematic layer of the periderm

Back 29

cork cambium

Front 30

the inner layer of the periderm

Back 30

phelloderm

Front 31

pores of the periderm that aid in gas exchange

Back 31

lenticels

Front 32

lateral roots originate from wehre

Back 32

the pericycle at the region of differentiation or beyond

Front 33

roots that emerge from the plant above ground

Back 33

aerial roots

Front 34

enable plants to get oxygen in habitats that have waterlogged soils

Back 34

pneumatophores

Front 35

roots that store large amounts of food; root cells are modified to contain numerous amyloplasts

Back 35

food storage roots