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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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two types of plant growth
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primary
secondary |
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the extension of the plant body at each tip longways
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primary growth
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two general types of meristems are involved in primary growth
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apical meristem
primary meristem |
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meristems located at the tips of roots and shoots and generate new cells of the primary meristems
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apical meristems
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meristems located within the plant body and are composed of partly differentiated cells that remain meristematic
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primary meristems
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the thickening of the stem and root
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secondary growth
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what is the function of apical meristems
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to produce new cells via mitosis
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cells within the apical meristem are called
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initials
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new body cells that are the result of mitosis of initials are called
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derivatives
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three types of primary meristems
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protoderm
procambium ground meristem |
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three types of ground tissue
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parenchyma
collenchyma sclerenchyma |
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describe parenchyma
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most common GT
continuous mass living at maturity primary cell wall function in photosynthesis, storage, and secretion |
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describe collenchyma
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discrete strands or continuous cylinders
living at maturity uneven nonlignin primary walls young growing organs |
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describe sclerenchyma
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masses or individually
found anywhere not alive at maturity thick lignin secondary walls strength and support |
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two types of sclerenchyma
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fibers
sclereids |
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the vascular system is made up of ____ and _____
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xylem and phloem
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describe xylem
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water and mineral conducting tissue
support plant body tracheary elements |
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what are the two types of tracheary elements
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tracheids
vessel elements |
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what are the characteristics of both tracheids and vessel elements
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elongated cells
secondary cell walls not living at maturity have pits form columns or tubes |
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what are the characteristics of vessel elements
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perforation plates
efficient water conductors unique to angiosperms |
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what are the characteristics of tracheids
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lack perforation plates
have pit membranes oxygen cant pass through only cell in seedless vas. plants and gymnosperms |
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describe the phloem
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food conducting tissue
transport large molecules composed of sieve elements |
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two types of sieve elements
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sieve cells
sieve tube elements |
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clusters of pores within cell wall where protoplasts of adjacent cells are interconnected
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sieve areas
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describe the characteristics of both sieve cells and sieve tube elements
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elongated cells
living at maturity primary cell wall with pores form tubes |
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describe the characteristics of sieve cells
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only found in gymnosperms
narrow and equal in size most on overlapping ends associated with albuminous cells (parenchyma) |
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specialized parenchyma cell that provides biochemical support to the sieve cell
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albuminous cell
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describe the characteristics of sieve tube elements
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only found in angiosperms
unequal in size located at sieve plate companion cell P-proteins |
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what is the function of p-proteins
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to plug the wounds of the cell
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what are the two types of dermal tissues
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epidermis
periderm |
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describe the characteristics of the epidermis
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outermost cell layer
unspecialized cells non photosynthetic primary cell walls cuticle guard cells trichomes |
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appendages of the epidermis that have a variety of functions
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trichomes
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replaces the epidermis in stem and roots that undergo secondary growth
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periderm
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