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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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period from one estrus to the next; consists of follicular and luteal phases
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estrous cycle
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4 stages of estrous
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estrus, metestrus, diestrus, proestrus
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days of cow estrus
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21
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days of mare estrus
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21
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days of ewe estrus
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17
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the e2 surge causes the LH surge which causes ovulation on day ____ (cow)
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1 or 0
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progesterone levels are really low
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estrus
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all animals ovulate during estrus, except cow, which ovulates 30 hrs after LH surge
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estrus
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the mare has a sustained surge of LH, so is in estrus for 7 days, and ovulates on the ____ day
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5th
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progesterone is rising while lh/e2 falling, ovulation has occurred so the follicle has become a bloody corpus ______; what phase?
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hemorhagiccum; metestrus
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longest stage of the cycle; high levels of _______ hormone
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diestrus; progesterone
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pgf2a is secreted from the uterus in response to ______ hormone and resgresses the CL; what phase?
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oxytocin; diestrus
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lowering progesterone levels to get ready for heat-allows e2 increase
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proestrus
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primate menstrual cycle- how many days?
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29
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primates ovulate on what day following LH peak
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14
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what hormone does the CL produce
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progesterone
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during proestrus why does the cl regress
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pgf2a
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what hormone causes the cl to regress
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pgf2a
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what's another word for pgf2a
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luteolysin
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the events leading to cl regreesion in sheep
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1. progesterone levels increase
2. down regulates progesterone receptors 3. increases estrogen receptors 4. increases oxytocin receptors 5. oxytocin binds 6. ip pathway converts arachidonic acid to pgf2a using cox 2 enzyme 7. pgf2a regresses the CL |
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induced ovulators
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mating causes lh surge, causes ovulation
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what species are induced ovulators
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cat and rabbit
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spontaneous ovulation: explain and in what species
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rat; ovulation occurs regularly, but a CL is only formed when mating releases prolactin hormone
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when rats mate, what hormone is released
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prolactin
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what regresses the CL in livestock with no pregnancy signal and where does it originate from
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pgf2a from uterus
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explain the regression of the CL in primates
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CLs form due to an internal clock; CL releases pgf2a which regresses CL
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what is the CL called if an animal is mated but not pregnant
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pseudopregnancy Cl
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where do oogonium germ cells originate from
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embryonic duct
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where are germ cells stored
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cortex of ovary
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what is a bundle of germ cells called
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egg nests
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before birth, what process do germ cells undergo
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mitosis
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at birth, how many eggs does a female have
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set number; cows have 100,000; females have a million
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what happens to the number of eggs between birth and puberty
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no more grow, but you can lose some
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what hormone drives a secondary follicle to become an antral follicle
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FSH
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what hormone does a dominant follicle need to grow
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LH
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what hormone does a subordinate become atretic due to
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low FSH
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how many follicles start to grow per day
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1-3
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why do most follicles become atretic
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progesterone levels are high which supresses GNRH and LH
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what event drives meiosis 2
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fertilization
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farm animal that ovulates after estrus
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cow
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where syngamy occurs
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oviduct
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what cell is ovulated
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secondary oocyte with primary polar body
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if you dissect a mare, what do you see
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unfertilized oocytes
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after ovulations, is it still secondary oocyte?
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yes
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what 2 hormones produce testosterone
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granulosa and theca
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acellular, thick, clear
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zona pellucida
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what hormone does the rat roduce when mating
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prolactin
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what cell in follicle = luteal cell
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granulosa cell
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when do you see max oocytes
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at birth
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when is CL not responsive to pgf2a
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metestrus
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increased estrogen receptors equals increased ____ receptors
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oxytocin
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where are the polar bodies located
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pervitelline space
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primary and secondary equals surge of what hormone
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LH
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single layer granulosa cells
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primary follicle
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two or more layers of granulosa cells plus zona pellucida
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secondary follicle
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fluid filled antrum
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tertiary antral or graffian follicle
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liquid in antrum
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liquor follicula
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corpus hemorhagiccum
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follicle that has become bloody; NOT receptive to pgf2a
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corpus luteum
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yellow; releases progesterone, receptive to pgf2a
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corpus albicans
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white; regressed CL
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folliculogenesis
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1. premordial follicle
2. primary follicle 3. secondary follicle 4. tertiary follicle/graffian follicle 5. atretic follicle or corpus hemorhagicum 6. corpus luteum 7. corpus albicans |
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what does fertilization activate to prevent polyspermy
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calcium influx and cortical granules
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what is the purpose of the polar bodies
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remove 1/2 of genetic material (dna)
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after fertilization, the secondary oocyte (1n) undergoes meiosis 2, resulting in 2 haploid (1n) cells, one is the secondary polar body and the other will become the (2n) zygote after what?
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syngamy
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what hormone drives a secondary follicle to become an antral follicle
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FSH
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what are two types of graffian follicles
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dominant and subordinate
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layers of graffian follicle and oocyte
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1. follicle
2. stroma 3. theca externa 4. theca interna 5. basement membrane 6. granulosa cell 7. cummulous 8. oocyte |
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layers of the oocyte
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1. corona radiata
2. zona pellucida 3. perivitelline space 4. vitelline membrane 5. vitellus 6. nucleus |
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produces cAMP
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corona radiata
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where polar body subside
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perivitelline space
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the area inside of the corona radiata
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pellucida
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analog to leydig cell
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theca
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what layers are ovulated
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cumullous in
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blocks sperm from coming back in after one egg has been penetrated
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pervitelline space
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how do eggs increase in number
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by undergoing mitosis until birth
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why are the primary oocytes arresting in prophase of meiosis 1?
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cAMP inhibition
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what hormone causes meiosis to resume when corona radiata withdrawls
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LH
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when the primary diploid oocyte becomes to haploid cells, what are the products
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secondary oocyte and first polar body
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what is the oocyte after ovulation
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still secondary oocyte with one polar body
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after meiosis 2, what is there
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2 polar bodies
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what converts testosterone to estrogen
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granulosa cells
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IP pathway converts arachondonic acid to what hormone using what enzyme? (2)
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hormone: pgf2a
enzyme: cox 2 |
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Fat Sluts Talk To Bitchy Guys Cause Opportunities Can Zebra Poop Vastly and Vigerously in Nicaragua
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Follicules
Stoma Theca externa Theca interna Basement membrane Granulosa cells Cumulous Oocyte Corona radiata Zona pellucida Perivitelline space Vitelline membrane Vitellus Nucleus |
