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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Feeding
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The placement/manipulation of food or liquid into the oral cavity prior to the initiation of the swallow
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Swallowing (deglutition)
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The passing of food or liquid (bolus) through the oral cavity, pharynx, and into the esophagus
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Dysphagia
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A disorder characterized by a difficulty in the oral, pharyngeal, and/or esophageal phase of swallowing
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Lip/Cheeks |
-Anterior Sulcus - space down below the front bottom teeth
Lateral Sulcus - Space between the gums and the cheeks Cheeks - round the bolus Lips - hold the food in |
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Tongue |
moves the bolus anterior to posterior
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Teeth |
Mastication, breaking up food
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Mandible |
Lower jaw
Helps to break down food (especially hard food) |
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Maxilla |
Pressing food
Fixating the bolus |
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Hard/Soft Palate |
Where we gather the food
The soft palate closes up to prevent nasal regurgitation |
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Pharyngeal Cavity Anatomy
Anterior/posterior faucial arches |
Where the swallow is triggered
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Pharyngeal Cavity Anatomy
Base of Tongue |
Raising the base of the tongue starts the process of the swallow
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Signs and Symptoms of Dysphagia
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Coughing/choking while eating; Excessive drooling/secrestion; Wet, "gurgly" sounding voice; Patient c/o chewing/swallowing problems; Nasal/oral regurgitation; Food/liquid in sputum; Pocketing of food in cheecks; Dehydration/malnourishment/excessive weight loss; Temperature spikes after eating/drinking; Multiple swallow attempts; Excessive time required to eat a meal; Recurring pneumonia or respiratory infections
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Pharyngeal Cavity Anatomy
Pharyngeal constrictors |
Squeezing action moves the bolus down
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Laryngeal Cavity Anatomy
Hyoid bone |
Moves up
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Laryngeal Cavity Anatomy
Thyroid Cartilage |
Landmark to look for
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Feeding
|
The placement/manipulation of food or liquid into the oral cavity prior to the initiation of the swallow
|
|
|
Swallowing (deglutition)
|
The passing of food or liquid (bolus) through the oral cavity, pharynx, and into the esophagus
|
|
|
Dysphagia
|
A disorder characterized by a difficulty in the oral, pharyngeal, and/or esophageal phase of swallowing
|
|
|
Oral Cavity Anatomy
Lip/Cheeks |
-Anterior Sulcus - space down below the front bottom teeth
Lateral Sulcus - Space between the gums and the cheeks Cheeks - round the bolus Lips - hold the food in |
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Tongue |
moves the bolus anterior to posterior
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Teeth |
Mastication, breaking up food
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Mandible |
Lower jaw
Helps to break down food (especially hard food) |
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Maxilla |
Pressing food
Fixating the bolus |
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Oral Cavity Anatomy
Hard/Soft Palate |
Where we gather the food
The soft palate closes up to prevent nasal regurgitation |
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Pharyngeal Cavity Anatomy
Anterior/posterior faucial arches |
Where the swallow is triggered
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Pharyngeal Cavity Anatomy
Base of Tongue |
Raising the base of the tongue starts the process of the swallow
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Pharyngeal Cavity Anatomy
Velopharyngeal Port |
Close off to preven aspiration
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Pharyngeal Cavity Anatomy
Pharyngeal constrictors |
Squeezing action moves the bolus down
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Laryngeal Cavity Anatomy
Hyoid bone |
Moves up
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Laryngeal Cavity Anatomy
Thyroid Cartilage |
Landmark to look for
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Laryngeal Cavity Anatomy
Valleculae |
The space where the epiglottis comes into the anterior wall of the pharyngeal cavity
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Laryngeal Cavity Anatomy
Aryepiglottic Folds |
During swallowing, elevation of the larynx, contraction of the aryepiglottic folds and posteroinferior tilting of the epiglottis closes the inlet to the larynx and direct food and drink lateral to aryepiglottic folds and into the pyriform sinuses
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Laryngeal Cavity Anatomy
True/False Vocal Folds |
close together
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Laryngeal Cavity Anatomy
Pyriform Sinuses |
Space outside of the aryepiglottic folds where a lot of pooling occurs
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Laryngeal Cavity Anatomy
Cricoid Cartilage |
Pulls/Comes up
The base of the larynx |
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Normal Swallow
Quick Facts |
The normal swallow takes ~1/2 to 3/4 of a second
We swallow up to 1000 times a day |
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Oral Phase of a Normal Swallow (Voluntary)
Sucking Chewing |
Using a straw and/or spoon, and sipping from a cup
Breaks up food into a more manigable consistency |
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Oral Phase of of a Normal Swallow
Manipulation of the bolus to the phryngeal cavity |
Thin liquid (straw, spoon, sip from a cup)
Puree Consistency - easiest to manage Regular Consistency - regular food |
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Pharyngeal Phase of a Normal Swallow (involuntary)
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1) Base of the tongue triggers the swallow
2) Soft palate closes of the nasal cavity 3) Larynx elevates with closure of the VFs and epiglottis to protect the airway 4) Cricopharyngeal sphincter opens to allow passage of the bolus into the esophagus Turning the head to the damaged side helps to tighten the muscles Typically want the person to be sitting up at a 90 degree angle |
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Esophaeal Phase of a Normal swallow (involuntary)
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Bolus is propelled to the stomach by gravity and peristalsis (squeezing of esophageal muscles)
When there are problems in this stage of the swallow, a Gastroenterologist would address this |
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Cause of Dysphagia in Children
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-Prematurity/low birth weight
-Cleft lip/palate - oral phase problems -Gastrointestinal conditions (reflux) -Conditions affecting the airway -Neurological conditions (CP, TBI, Menengitis) -Heart Disease |
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Causes of Dysphagia in Adults
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-Nonprogressive neurological conditions (CVA, TBI)
-Progressive neurological conditions (Parkinsons, MS, ALS, Alzheimer's) -Carinoma of the oral cavity, larynx, and/or esophagus -Head or neck surgery conditions -Decayed/Missing teeth or poorly fitting dentures |
