Dysarthria

Front 1

flaccid- location

Back 1

LMN (FCP); PNS (muscle weakness)

Front 2

Flaccid- neuromuscular condition

Back 2

weakness/flaccidity; atrophy; fasciculations

Front 3

flaccid- types of movement affected

Back 3

all (reflex, automatic, voluntary) because damage is in FCP

Front 4

flaccid- etiology

Back 4

trauma (esp surgical), motor neuron disease (ALS), muscular distrophis, infection (herpes zoster & AIDS), neuromuscular junction disease (MG)

Front 5

flaccid- speech characteristics

Back 5

weak articulatory contacts, breathy, hhypernasal, depends on CN involved

Front 6

flaccid- location

Back 6

LMN (FCP); PNS (muscle weakness)

Front 7

Flaccid- neuromuscular condition

Back 7

weakness/flaccidity; atrophy; fasciculations

Front 8

flaccid- types of movement affected

Back 8

all (reflex, automatic, voluntary) because damage is in FCP

Front 9

flaccid- etiology

Back 9

trauma (esp surgical), motor neuron disease (ALS), muscular distrophis, infection (herpes zoster & AIDS), neuromuscular junction disease (MG)

Front 10

flaccid- speech characteristics

Back 10

weak articulatory contacts, breathy, hhypernasal, depends on CN involved

Front 11

flaccid- oral mechanical

Back 11

uni/bilateral drooping, weakness, problems with saliva, reduced reflexes

Front 12

flaccid- hallmark characteristics

Back 12

slow, weak, hypotonic muscle

Front 13

spastic-hallmark characteristics

Back 13

pseudobulbar affect (pathological, uncontrollable emotion); "I have to work really hard, like I'm pushing"

Front 14

spastic- oral mechanical

Back 14

bilateral droop; fatigue, speaking against resistance; drooling; hyperactive gag

Front 15

spastic- speech characteristics

Back 15

harsh voice, imprecise articulatory contact; slow; "excessive tone with weakness"

Front 16

spastic- etiology

Back 16

degenerative disease (later ALS); vascular disease, tumors, etc

Front 17

spastic- types of movement affected

Back 17

direct/pryamidal path= skilled mvmt; indirect/extrapyramidal path= reflex, posture, tone

Front 18

spastic- neuromuscular condition

Back 18

weakness/spasticity; decreased ROM, slow

Front 19

spastic- localization

Back 19

UMN (bilateral)/ CNS = impaired mvmt pattern

Front 20

ataxic- localization

Back 20

cerebellum

Front 21

ataxic- neuromuscular condition

Back 21

hypotonia; incoordination; slow

Front 22

ataxic- types of movement affected

Back 22

all (reflex, automatic, voluntary) because damage is in FCP

Front 23

ataxic- etiology

Back 23

degenerative disease (some hereditary; neoplasm; trauma "punch drunk dementia") heatstroke, hydrocephalus

Front 24

ataxic- speech characteristics

Back 24

irregular speech AMRs; bad w/ multisyllabic words; impaired prosody; prosodic excess; telescoping; biting lip while speaking or eating

Front 25

ataxic- oral mechanical

Back 25

symmetric; normal reflexes; poor nonspeech AMRs (sequencing)

Front 26

ataxic- hallmark characteristic

Back 26

sound drunk; sloppy; floppy body; unstressed syllable deltion (telescoping) and impaired prosody

Front 27

hypokinetic- localization

Back 27

extrapyramidal (basal ganglia control circuit)

Front 28

hypokinetic- neuromuscular condition

Back 28

rigidity; decreased ROM; movement scaling difficulties

Front 29

hypokinetic- types of mvmt affected

Back 29

sense that movement patterns are still there, but are reduced, changed, restricted

Front 30

hypokinetic- etiology

Back 30

Parkinson's, vascular toxin (e.g. cocaine)

Front 31

hypokinetic - speech characteristics

Back 31

monopitch and monoloudness; rushes of speech; imprecise; reduced prosody

Front 32

hypokinetic- oral mechanical

Back 32

stuttering (fast AMRs), swallowing probs, stiff upper lip, reduced ROM, NAE

Front 33

hypokinetic- hallmark characteristic

Back 33

dysphonia (strained, strangled, and whispered) and monotone

Front 34

hyperkinetic- localization

Back 34

extrapyramidal (BG control circuit)

Front 35

hyperkinetic- neuromuscular condition

Back 35

quick, involuntary mvmt; variable tone

Front 36

hyperkinetic- types of movement affected

Back 36

involuntary mvmts; possibly ONLY during speech; pt may appear watchful in case of mvmt

Front 37

hyperkinetic- etiology

Back 37

long-term exposure to Rx (antipsychotics); Huntington's, infectious disease (AIDS, diphtheria)

Front 38

hyperkinetic- speech characteristics

Back 38

prolonged intervals; variable rate; distorted vowels; can be hypernasal

Front 39

hyperkinetic- oral mechanical

Back 39

facial grimacing; vocal tics (Tourettes), voice tremor, spasmodic dysphonia

Front 40

hyperkinetic- hallmark characteristic

Back 40

quick, involuntary movements

Front 41

unilateral UMN- localization

Back 41

unilateral UMN

Front 42

unilateral UMN- neuromuscular condition

Back 42

unilateral weakness; incoordination; spasticity

Front 43

unilateral UMN- types of movement affected

Back 43

considered mild and possibly temporary; skilled mvmts

Front 44

unilateral UMN-etiology

Back 44

not diffuse; usually supratentorial lesions; 90% caused by stroke

Front 45

unilateral UMN- oral mechanical

Back 45

imprecise consonants; dysphagia; poss VPI/C; ataxic-like incoordination; slow AMRs

Front 46

unilateral UMN- oral mechanical

Back 46

unilateral midface and tongue weakness; problems drooling, chewing and swallowing

Front 47

unilateral UMN- hallmark characteristic

Back 47

difficult to say; shows signs of ataxic and spastic; need to confirm unilateral face and tongue weakness

Front 48

mixed- localization

Back 48

combo (?)

Front 49

mixed- neuromuscular condition

Back 49

combo of symptoms

Front 50

mixed- types of movement affected

Back 50

most common combos are flaccid-spastic and ataxic-spastic

Front 51

mixed- etiology

Back 51

multiple strokes; stroke plus other neuron disease; degenerative disease; MS; Wilson's

Front 52

mixed- speech characteristics

Back 52

compensatory behaviors make differential Dx difficult

Front 53

mixed- oral mechanical

Back 53

reduced respiratory support; vacant facial expression

Front 54

mixed- hallmark characteristic

Back 54

reduced intelligibility

Front 55

what type/s of dysarthria would result from degenerative disease

Back 55

spastic and ataxic

Front 56

what type/s of dysarthria would result in irregular speech AMRs

Back 56

ataxic

Front 57

what type/s of dysarthria would cause slow AMRs

Back 57

unilateral UMN

Front 58

what type/s of dysarthria is associated with long-term exposure to antispychotics

Back 58

hyperkinetic

Front 59

what type/s of dysarthria is cuased by stroke in 90% of cases

Back 59

unilateral UMN

Front 60

dysarthria (definition)

Back 60

collective name for a group of neurologic speech disorders resulting from abnormalities in the strength, speed, rang, steadiness, tone or accuracy of movements required for all aspects of speech production.

Front 61

Standardized test of dysarthria

Back 61

Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment; Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech; Dysarthria Rating Scale;

Front 62

AMRs

Back 62

alternating motion rates

Front 63

SMRs

Back 63

sequential motion rate