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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Etiology of Flaccid type ?
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TBI
Brainstem stroke Myasthenia Gravis Guillain-Barre Polio |
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Ettiology of Spastic?
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Stroke
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) TBI MS Tumor |
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Etiology of Hypokinetic?
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Idiopathic
Parkinson's Disease Neuroleptic-Induced TBI Toxic Metal Poison |
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Hypokinetic
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Not a result of muscle weakness
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Flaccid Dysarthria (all)
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Lower motor neuron involvement, Slow-labored articulation, Hoarse breathy phonation, Caused by paralysis, weakness, hypotonicity, atrophy, hypoactive reflexes involving speech subsystem musculature because of cranial nerve supply damage or disease, Speech difficulties depend on sub-system involvement and extent of involvement. vast involvement of PNS, may be diagnosed as Bulbar Palsy.
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Ataxic Dysarthria (all)
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defined as "disturbance in timing (dysrhythmia), synergy, speed, m.m. range and control (dysmetria), coordinating and alternating forcing functions (diado) of muscles of speech and respiratory mechanism"
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Ataxic dysarthria can cause
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. Imprecise, slow, irregular artic. Breakdown; 2. Intermittent explosive inflection, syllable stress and loudness; 3. Prolongations of phonemes with respiratory dysrhythmia; 4. Monopitch and monoloudness; 5. Hoarse-breathy phonation and mild voice tremors
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Hypokinetic(all)
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Involvement of speech motor control results in hypokinetic dysarthria, reduced vocal loudness with harsh-hoarse quality, slow speaking rate with intermittent bursts of rapid-fire articulation, excessively overly long pauses, prolonged syllables, monoloudness, reduced phonation time, articulatory precision fluctuates from periods of intelligibility to unintelligibility, mask-like facies, shuffling gait, flexed posture of trunk, and pill rolling tremors of fingers aid in diagnosis.
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Hyperkinetic (all)
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Speech characteristics vary according to the movement disorder. Variable imprecision in speech, vocal harshness, prosody disorders.
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Difference between hyper and hypo kinetic?
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Different disorders have opposite effects on movement, e.g., Parkinsonism = hypokinetic with rigid and restricted movement; Huntingon’s = hyperkinetic with rapid, dance-like, involuntary movements.
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