Dyfunctional Behavior Psychology Vocabulary For Ib

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mental disorder

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any behavior or emotional state that causes an individual great suffering or worry, is self-defeating or self-destructive, or is maladaptive and disrupts the person's relationships or the larger community

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generalized anxiety disorder

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a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension

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posttraumatic stress disorder

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an anxiety disorder in which a person who has experience a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such a psychic numbing, reliving of the trauma, and increased physiological arousal

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panic disorder

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an anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, period of intense fear and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such a rapid breathing and pulse, and dizziness

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phobia

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an exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or objects

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agoraphobia

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a set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person

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obsessive-compulsive disorder

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an anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviors designed to reduce anxiety

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major depression

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a mood disorder involving disturbances in emotion, behavior, cognition, and body function

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personality disorders

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rigid, maladaptive personality patterns that cause personal distress or an inability to get along with others

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paranoid personality disorder

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a disorder characterized by habitually unreasonable and excessive suspiciousness or jealousy

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narcissistic personality disorder

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a disorder characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption

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antisocial personality disorder

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a disorder characterized by antisocial behavior such a lying, stealing, manipulation of others and sometimes violence; and a lack of guilt, shame, and empathy

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schizophrenia

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a psychotic disorder or group of disorders marked by positive symptoms (e.g. delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and incoherent speech, and inappropriate behavior) and negative symptoms (e.g.. Emotional flatness and loss of motivation.

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psychosis

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an extreme mental disturbance involving distorted perceptions and irrational behavior; it may have psychological or organic causes

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psychosurgery

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any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behavior

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electroconvulsive therapy

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a procedure used in cases of prolonged and severe major depression, in which a brief brain seizure is induced

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antipsychotic drugs

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drugs used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

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antidepressant drugs

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drugs used primarily in the treatment of mood disorders, especially depression and anxiety

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tranquilizers

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drugs commonly but often inappropriately prescribed for patients who complain of unhappiness, anxiety, or worry

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lithium carbonate

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a drugs frequently given to people suffering from bipolar disorder

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placebo effect

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the apparent success of a medication or treatment that is due to the patient's expectations or hopes rather than to the drug or treatment itself

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systematic desensitization

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in behavior therapy, a step by step process of desensitizing a client to a feared objects or experience; based on the classical conditioning procedure of counter conditioning

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aversive conditioning

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in behavior therapy, a method in which punishment is substituted for the reinforcement that perpetuates a bad habit

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exposure treatment

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in behavior therapy, a method in which punishing a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobia or panic attacks, is taken directly into the feared situation until the anxiety subsides

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therapeutic alliance

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the bond of confidence and mutual understanding established between therapist and client, which allows them to work together to solve the clients problems

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dissociative identity disorder

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a controversial disorder marked by the appearance within one person of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own name and traits; commonly known as multiple personality disorder

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transference

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in psychodynamic therapies, a critical step in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions, such as emotional feelings about his or her parents, onto the therapist

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DSM

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a diagnostic manual whose aim is to provide clear diagnostic categories for purposes of the study and treatment of mental disorders

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panic attacks

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short-lived but intense feelings of spontaneous anxiety

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anxiety

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a general state of apprehension or psychological tension

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learned helplessness

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a theory of depression which holds that people become depressed when their efforts to avoid pain or to control the environment consistently fail

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vulnerable-stress approach

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a theory of depression which holds that depression and other disorders result from an interaction between individual vulnerabilities and environmental stresses

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catatonic stupor

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a symptom of schizophrenia in which a person withdraws completely, sitting without moving for hours

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emotional flatness

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unresponsive facial expressions, poor eye contact, and diminished emotions

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trepanning

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an outdated method of treatment in which "psychic pressures" were released by drilling holes into the skull of a person exhibiting symptoms of mental illness

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prefrontal lobotomy

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a type of psychosurgery involving crushing nerve fibers running from the prefrontal lobe to other areas of the brain

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MAOI

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A class of antidepressant drugs which elevates the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain by blocking an enzyme that deactivates these neurotransmitters

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tricyclic antidepressants

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a class of antidepressants drugs which boost norepinephrine and serotonin levels by preventing the reabsorption of these substances by the cells that have released them

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SSRI

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a class of antidepressant drugs which boost serotonin levels by preventing the reabsorption of the substance by the cells that have released it

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cognitive therapy

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a therapeutic approach that involves helping clients identify the beliefs and expectations that might be unnecessarily prolonging their unhappiness, conflicts and other problems

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rational emotive therapy

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a therapeutic approach that involves using rational arguments to directly challenge a clients unrealistic beliefs or expectations

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family therapy

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a therapeutic approach that involves the whole family unit through identifying unhealthy communication and coping patterns and using that as a basis for individual treatment

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group therapy

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a therapeutic approach in which people with the same or different problems are put together to find solutions

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psychoanalysis

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a therapeutic technique involving intense analysis of a patient's past and unconscious motives, intended to lend the client insight into the reasons for his or her symptoms and unhappiness

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free association

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a therapeutic technique in which a client is encouraged to say whatever comes to their mind

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humanistic therapy

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a therapeutic technique in which a client starts form the assumption that people seek self-actualization and self-fulfillment

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existential therapy

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a therapeutic approach in clients are encouraged to explore the meaning of existence and confront the greater questions of death, freedom, free will, alienation from oneself and others, loneliness, and meaninglessness

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scientist-practitioner gap

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a major divide that exists within the proactive of therapy in which psychodynamic assumptions and methods and those of the other, research-based practices