Dws Biology Chapter 19 19.1

Front 1

The smallest, most common microorganism that does not have a nucleus is called a ___.

Back 1

prokaryote

Front 2

Prokaryotes are broken down into two categories:
1
2

Back 2

1. eubacteria
2. archaebacteria

Front 3

______ are found everywhere, and is protected by a cell wall made of a carbohydrate.

Back 3

Eubacteria

Front 4

_______ are found in extreme harsh environments.

Back 4

Archaebacteria

Front 5

What is the major difference between eubacteria and archaebacteria?

Back 5

1. Archaebacteria does not have the carbohydratic cell wall like eubacteria.
2. The DNA sequences are different.

Front 6

What are the similarities of eubacteria and archaebacteria?

Back 6

1. both lack a nucleus
2. have cell walls (but differently made)

Front 7

How are prokaryotes classified?
1
2
3
4

Back 7

1. shape
2. chemical makeup of cell wall
3. how they move
4. how they obtain energy

Front 8

Name and describe the three different shapes of prokaryotes:
1
2
3

Back 8

1. bacilli - rod-shaped
2. cocci - sphere-shaped
3. spirilla - spiral/corkscrew

Front 9

What can you tell what type of cell wall a prokaryotic has?

Back 9

By using the Gram stain. The stain contains two dyes - violet and red.
Violet - gram positive
Red - gram negative

Front 10

Name the type of movements of prokaryotes:
1
2
3
4

Back 10

1. no movement
2. propelled by flagella
3. lash, snake or spiral
4. glide over slime

Front 11

Name the two types of prokaryotes as far as metabolic energy is concerned:
1
2

Back 11

1. heterotrophs -get food from others
2. autotrophs - make their own food

Front 12

________ must take in organic molecules for energy and a supply of carbon.

Back 12

Chemoheterotrophs

Front 13

_______ is a small group of prokaryotes that make their own food, but also take in organic compounds for the carbon source.

Back 13

Photoheterotrophs

Front 14

Describe the two types of autotrophs:
1
2

Back 14

1. photoautotrophs - produce their own energy and carbon source
2. chemoautotrophs - make their own food without the aid of sunlight - chemical reactions instead

Front 15

________ is a photoautotroph that is bluish in color and found all over the world.

Back 15

Cyanobacteria

Front 16

Where are you most likely to find chemoautotrophs?

Back 16

Deep in the oceans around hydrothermal vents.

Front 17

Organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live are called ____.

Back 17

obligate aerobes

Front 18

______ ____ are bacteria that must live in the absence of oxygen.

Back 18

Obligate anaerobes

Front 19

Give an example of obligate aerobes:

Back 19

Mycobacteria tuberculosis - causes tuberculosis

Front 20

Give an example of obligate anaerobes:

Back 20

Clostridium botulinum - causes botulism (can be found in canned food that are not properly sterilized)

Front 21

______ ______ can live with or without oxygen, depending on their environment.

Back 21

Facultative anaerobes

Front 22

Give an example of facultative anaerobes:

Back 22

E. coli