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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NSB
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dutch nazi party. in 1935 got 7% of provincial votes but after that didn't do too good in elections because Catholic church said facsism isn't Christian.
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fortress holland
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plan to blow up bridges and stuff to keep Germans out and essentially flood out the country.
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why invade nederland?
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get to france that way, control of rhine river and port in rotterdam, if they invaded England, they could use nederland as a home base, aryan race look alikes
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the phony war
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early in the war, both sides had declared war but western allies didn't take military action. For nederland, the Germans were said to attack on a specific date but they didn't till much later. "phony war" ended in 1940 when denmark and norway were overtaken by Germans.
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May 1940
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Germans invade. Germans said to place themselves under their protection by not resisting because they were in danger of attack by the allied forced. <lie
Within 2 days Queen Wilhelmina and family went to England. Dutch in process of surrender but due to bad communication maybe, Rottermdam was bombed. |
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arthur seys-inquart
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guy who took over power of NEderland put there by Hitler.
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anton mussert
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leader of the NSB which was first following mussilini but then followed in antisemetism under Hitler. He was seen as a joke. he also was a patriot and didnt want nederland to be annexed. Hitler let him be called De Leider which means "unfortunately" in German.
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fall 1940
May 1942 |
anti semitism starts- wearing the stars
may 1942- mandatory star wearing starts 75% of Jewish nederlanders died |
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February Strike 1941 in Amsterdam
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Dutch Nazis would go into JEwish neighborhoods and there was resistance by men and boys which led to the death of one Dutch Nazi. IN retaliation, Hanns Rauter, a commisioner under seys-inquart had 450 random jewish guys arrested and sent to a camp.
Communist party that had been underground got word out to have a 1 day strike for all Amsterdam workers for one day including street car drivers. 50% of municipal workers were on strike which led blue collar and white collar workers to go on strike. Rauter was in charge - Seys-inquart was on vacation. strike continued through wednesday but people were arrested and told to get back to work. all did by Thursday. Other cities got word and had their own strikes. it was a failure but done for justice so it was a patriotic moral booster. |
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Dtuch colonies during the war
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dutch east indies
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kaiser wilhelm
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a german who supported the dutch in WW2 for being neutral.
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April-May strike 1943
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in March, Hitler declared total war which meant harsh restrictions on occupied countries like Nederland. The Germans needed workers to make things for the war since all German manpower was fighting in the battles. German Commander Christiansen said all Dutch veterans must report for internment in Germany. Basically confinement.
In response, a spontaneous strike broke out and more followed so 500,000 workers stopped working. Once again Rauter responsible. He imposed police state of siege. If they kept striking they would be shot. about 80 men who didn't stop striking were killed. failed because veternas still had to go, but it still sent message to Germans that they weren't happy. |
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sept 1943
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all Jews gone from Nederland
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Dolle Dinsdag sept 1944
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crazy tuesday- allied truoops had taken Antwerp and the Dutch were expecting their salvation any time.
NSB were seen leaving on foot to get to Germany. Southern nederland started being won over by allies |
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operation market garden
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it failed. if it had worked then the war would be over. it was over a bridge that the allies could not cross. the allies decided to leave nederland because it would be too costly to remove the Germans. they were trying to overtake bridges using tons of airborn troops.
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Dutch railmen go on strike
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The Dutch government asked them to go on strike to stop Germans from bringing supplies and troops. Septmeberish 1944. Many went into hiding since if they were caught they'd be killed.
effective for awhile but the Germans brought in own workers. As a repercussion, Seys inquart didnt let food come into cities still occupied by Germans. |
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the hunger winter
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1944-45 No coal, no food, electricity, wood, ppl ate tulip bulbs, pets,
very cold winter. young and old died easily from disease/coldness. |
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april 1945
may 1945 |
seys-inquart agreed to let food be airlifted in since there still wasn't much food.
shortly after on may 4th canadian troops came in, germans had surrendered. Netherland 2nd longest occupied next to norway. |
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rost van tonningen
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Dutch commander in the Dutch Army
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Jewish immigrants in 1500-1600s
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from portugal and spain who were forcing them to be catholic but then they were catholic in nederland too and later reconverted to judaism.
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ashkenazim and sephardic jews
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ashkenazim were German Jews and very different from the SPanish sephardic Jews. They didn't like eachother until 1800s
the rest of europse was really anti semetic but the dutch let them be free |
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Rules for the Jews
how they made money |
No sex w/ CHristian women, no converting, no putting Christians down.
Jews only 2% of population Jews made money by banking weren't allowed to do certain things like shopkeeping and were banned from some rural areas. |
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1800s antisemitism
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inorder to assimilate, they became secular to fit in with the culture. traditions lost, looked like everyone else, but still felt it was important part of their culture.
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THe world right before ww2
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Everyone thinking about the horrors from WWI but Dutch were neutral so they missed all the depressing awful stuff.
Nederland very divided between catholic and protestant most jews in amsterdam in tightly populated areas with bad living conditions. Jews couldn't get to highest positions in civil power. still slight anti semitism unable to go into some dance halls etc along with black surinam Dutchmen. |
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end of 1800's jewish refugees
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came in poland after ppl getting killed and then from germany before WW2 started
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