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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the typical signalment and clinical signs associated with AA luxation?
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Generally small breed dogs
50% less than 1 yr old |
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What is the pathogenesis associated with AA luxation?
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congenital absence of transverse atlantoaxial ligament
Dens hypoplasia or agenesis Dorsal angulation of dens Separation of dens from axis |
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How do you diagnose AA luxation on radiographic evaluation?
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Excessive separation of axis and atlas
Dorsal displacement of body of axis Absence, deviation, or separation of dens Malalignment of C1 and C2 |
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How do you treat AA luxation?
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Non-surgical:
neck brace corticosteroids cage rest Surgical |
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What are the complications associated with surgicalfixation of AA luxation?
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Dorsal procedures:
Wire breaks or pulls out Spinal cord damage during passage Incorrect implant placement Poor reduction C1 fracture Nuchal ligament may break Ventral procedures: Tracheal necrosis Driving implants through cord Respiratory arrest and death Exsanguuination from vertebral artery Pin migration Screw loosening/breaking |
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What is the post-operative management plan for a dog with AA luxation?
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Neck splint
monitoring for up to 4 days post op Nursing care |
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What is the pathophysiology associated with CCS?
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Compressive lesions
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What are the etiologies behind CCS?
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1. congenital osseous malformation
2. cervical vertebral instability/chronic disc disease 3.vertbral tipping 4.ligamentum flavum or vertebral arch malformation 5.hourglass compression |
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What are the typical signalmant, history, and clinical signs seen with CCS?
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middle-aged to old dogs
poor range of motion instability ataxia shoulder atrophy tetraparesis |
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How do you diagnose CCS?
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Plain radiographs
myelography CT MRI |
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List the surgical methods of treatment for CCS.
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Ventral decompression
Vertebral distraction/fusion Dorsal decompression |
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What is an appropriate post-operative care plan for a dog with CCS?
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pain management
bladder management physicaltherapy/rehab supportive care |
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What is Hansen's type 1 and 2 disc disease?
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type one is disc extrusion
type two is disc protrusion |
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What dogs are affected by chondroid metaplasia (hansen's type 1)?
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small middle-aged
2 years and older peak at 6 years |
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what dogs get fibroid metaplasia (hansen's type 2)?
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Doberman
Rottweiller German Shepherd 7-10 years old |
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What is myomalacia?
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softening of a muscle
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What are the clinical signs for cervical disk disease?
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Severe neck pain
stiff gait lowered head guarded neck muscle spasms |
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what are the clinical signs for thoracolumbar disc disease?
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history of back pain
paraparesis paraplegia |
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What is the surgical procedure to relieve compression of the cervical spinal cord due to IVDD?
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ventral slot decompression surgery
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What is the surgical procedure to relieve compression of the thoracolumbar spinal cord due to IVDD?
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Hemilaminectomy
Dorsal laminectomy |
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What are the 5 characteristic signs of intervertebral disc disease on plain radiographs?
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narrowed disc space
Wedged disc space narrowed intervertbral foramina mineralized material in the vertebral canal narrowed articular facet |
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When and why is myelography necessary in dogs with IVDD?
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Determine laterelization
when rads and neuro exam conflict multiple lesions present unable to localize lesions on plain rads |
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What percentage of dogs with vertebral body fracture have multiple sites affected?
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20 %
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When is myelography indicated for cases of spinal fracture?
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suspected disc herniation
multiple spinal injuries bone fragments in spinal canal plain films don't fit neurologic exam |
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Why is client communication paramount in a case with spinal cord trauma due to spinal fracture?
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bladder expression
ffecal incontinence pressure sores physical therapy sling therapy high cost emotional investment |
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Which patients are candidates for surgical decompression of the IVDD?
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Multiple bouts of back pain
unresponsive to treatment Non-ambulatory |
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what are the components of the dorsal compartment of the vertebral column?
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Vertebral arch
aricular facets joint capsule ligaments |
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What are the components of the ventral compartment of the vertbral column?
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Vertebral body
IV disc Longitudinal ligament |
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m
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,
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n
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m
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