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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Methacholine:
Usage & Adverse Effects |
AChR Agonist
Usage: To Diagnose bronchial hyperactivity AE: Cardiac arrest at high doses |
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Carbachol: Usage & Adverse Effects
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AChR Agonist
Usage: Last line for wide-angle glaucoma AE: Significant nicotinic activity |
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Bethanachol: Usage
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AChR Agonist
Post-surgical & post-partum ileus. (Xerostomia) |
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Pilocarpine: Usage
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AChR Agonist
Miotic agent for wide-angle glaucoma. Xerostomia + physostigmine for narrow-angle glaucoma |
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Edrophonium: Usage
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AChE Antagonist
Diagnose Myasthenia Gravis |
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Rivastigmine: Usage
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AChE antagonist
Alzheimer's disease (2x/day) |
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Donepezil: Usage
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AChE antagonist
Alzheimer's disease (less hepatotoxicity) |
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Galantamine: Usage
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AChE antagonist
Alzheimer's disease (most recent, improves cognitive function) |
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Physostigmine: Usage & Adverse Effects
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Competitive AChE substrate (tertiary amine)
Usage: Topically for wide-angle glaucoma. With pilocarpine for pre-op narrow-angle AE: Cataracts |
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Neostigmine: Usage & Adverse Effects
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Competitive AChE substrate (quaternary amine)
Usage: Post-op ileus & atony of bladder. DOC for Myasthenia Gravis AE: GI irritation |
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Democurium: Usage
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Competitive AChE substrate
Usage: Post-op ileus Myasthenia Gravis |
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Pyridostigmine: Usage
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Competitive AChE substrate
Usage: DOC for Myasthenia Gravis Nerve gas prophylaxis |
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Echothiophate: Usage
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Irreversible AChE Inhibitor
Usage: Glaucoma |
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Pralidoxime: Usage
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Treatment for organophosphate poisoning (with atropine & diazepam)
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Atropine: Usage
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Anti-muscarinic (tertiary amine)
Usage: Reverse muscarinic poisoning Long-lasting mydriasis & cycloplegia +diphenoxylate for diarrhea |
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Scopolamine: Usage
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Anti-muscarinic (tertiary amine)
Usage: Motion sickness |
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Ipratroprium: Usage
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Anti-muscarinic (quaternary amine)
Usage: COPD bronchodialator |
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Propantheline: Usage
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Anti-muscarinic (quaternary amine)
Usage: IBS & GI disturbances Excessive sweating |
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Oxybutinin/Tolterodine: Usage
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Anti-muscarinic
Usage: Overactive bladder |
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Tropicamide: Usage
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Anti-muscarinic
Usage: Mydriasis & Cycloplegia (short-acting) |
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Nicotine: Usage
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Depolarizing ganglion blocker
Usage: Smoking cessation |
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Mecamylamine: Usage
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Non-depolarizing ganglion blocker (tertiary amine)
Usage: Delay GI motility (improve absorption) Tourette's |
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Hexamethonium: Usage
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Non-depolarizing ganglion blocker
Usage: Nothing |
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Succinylcholine: Phases
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Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Phase I blockade: fasciculations Phase II blockade: desensitization |
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Mivacurium: Onset & Duration
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NMJ Blocker
Onset: Rapid Duration: Short |
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Rocuronium: Onset & Duration
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NMJ Blocker
Onset: Rapid Duration: Intermediate |
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Vecuronium: Onset & Duration & Metabolism
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NMJ Blocker
Onset: Slow Duration: Intermediate Metabolism: Liver |
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Cisatracurium/Atracurium: Onset & Duration & Metabolism
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NMJ Blocker
Onset: Slow Duration: Intermediate Metabolism: Spontaneous Hydrolysis |
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Pancuronium: Onset & Duration & Metabolism & Adverse Effect
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NMJ Blocker
Onset: Slow Duration: Long Metabolism: Kidney AE: Tachycardia |
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Pipecuronium: Onset & Duration & Metabolism
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NMJ Blocker
Onset: Slow Duration: Long Metabolism: Kidney |
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Doxacuronium: Onset & Duration & Metabolism
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NMJ Blocker
Onset: Slow Duration: Long Metabolism: None (excreted unchanged by kidney) |
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Metocurine: Onset & Duration & Metabolism & Adverse Effects
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NMJ Blocker
Onset: Slow Duration: Long Metabolism: None (excreted unchanged by kidney) AE: Moderate Histamine release, hypotension |
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Tubocurine: Onset & Duration & Metabolism & Adverse Effects
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NMJ Blocker
Onset: Slow Duration: Long Metabolism: None (excreted unchanged) AE: High histamine release, hypotension |
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Epinephrine: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist
α1&2 β1&2 Usage: Anaphylaxis, Asthma, Shock, Glaucoma |
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Norepinephrine: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist
α1&2 Usage: Decongestant, with local anaesthetics |
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Isoproteronal: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist
β1&2 Usage: COPD |
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Phenylephrine: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist
α1&2 Usage: decongestant |
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Clonidine: Receptors & Usage & Adverse effects
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Adrenergic agonist
α2 Usage: Hypertension AE: Rebound HTN |
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Dobutamine: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist
β1 Usage: Shock |
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Dopamine: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist
D1&2 Usage: Shock (maintain perfusion to kidney) |
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Albuterol: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist
β2 (short-acting) Usage: Acute Asthma |
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Salmeterol: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist
β2 (long-acting) Usage: Asthma prophylaxis |
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Tyramine: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist (Indirect)
α1&2 β1&2 Usage: None |
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Ephedrine: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist (Mixed-acting, more direct)
α1&2 β1&2 Usage: decongestion obesity (no effect > 2 weeks) |
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Amphetamines: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist
(Mixed-acting, more indirect) α1&2 β1&2 Usage: narcolepsy obesity (no effect > 2 weeks) |
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Methylphenidate: Receptors & Usage
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Adrenergic agonist (Mixed)
α1&2 β1&2 Usage: Hyperactivity |
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Phentolamine: Usage & Adverse Effects
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Adrenergic antagonist (non-selective, reversible)
Usage: Pheochromocytoma (pre-op) Reflex hypertension AE: Histamine release (Acid), Cholinergic stimulation (GI motility), tachycardia, hypotension |
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Phenoxybenzamine: Usage & Adverse Effects
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Adrenergic antagonist (non-selective, irreversible)
Usage: Pheochromocytoma (pre-op & chronic) Raynaud's AE: Tachycardia, hypotension, sedation |
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Prazosin: Usage & Adverse Effects
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Adrenergic antagonist (selective α1)
Usage: Hypertension Adverse Effects: 1st dose syncope |
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Terazosin: Usage & Adverse Effects
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Adrenergic antagonist (selective α1)
Usage: Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy AE: 1st dose syncope |
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Metyrosine: MOA
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Adrenergic neuronal blocker
MOA: Competes with tyrosine, depletes catecholamines at nerve terminal |
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Reserpine: MOA & Usage & Adverse Effects
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Adrenergic neuronal blocker
MOA: Blocks packaging of NE via Mg-dependent NA/K ATPase Usage: Hypertension AE: Suicide, hypotension |
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Guanethedine/Guanedrel: MOA & Usage & Adverse Effects
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Adrenergic neuronal blocker
MOA: Hydrolyzes NE-ATP in vesicles Usage: Malignant hypertension AE: Severe diarrhea |
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Atenolol: Usage & ISA & MSA
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Beta-Blocker (selective)
Usage: #1 drug for Hypertension ISA: None MSA: None |
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Esmolol: Usage & ISA & MSA
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Beta-Blocker (selective)
Usage: anti-arrhythmic, despite lack of MSA (fast-acting) ISA: None MSA: None |
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Metoprolol: Usage & ISA & MSA & Adverse Effects
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Beta-Blocker (selective)
Usage: Migraine prophylaxis (high lipid solubility) ISA: None MSA: Some AE: Insomnia, Sedation |
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Pindolol: Usage & ISA & MSA
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Beta-Blocker (non-selective)
Usage: CHF, HTN in asthmatics (ISA) ISA: High MSA: Some |
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Propranolol: Usage & ISA & MSA
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Beta-Blocker (non-selective)
Usage: Migraine prophylaxis (High lipid solubility), anti-arrhythmic (MSA) ISA: None MSA: High AE: Mouth numbing (MSA) |
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Timolol: Usage & ISA & MSA
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Beta-Blocker (non-selective)
Usage: Topical chronic glaucoma (MSA) ISA: None MSA: High |
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Labetolol/Carvedilol: Usage & Adverse Effects
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Beta-Blocker (non-selective & α1)
Usage: Hypertension AE: NO cold fingers (α1 block) |
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Amantadine: MOA & Administration & Usage
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Tricyclic amine
MOA: Blocks viral uncoating Admin: PO (with vaccination) Usage: Influenza A prophylaxis (releaves Sx) Parkinson's (causes release of DA) |
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Rimantadine: MOA & Administration & Usage
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Tricyclic Amine
MOA: Blocks viral uncoating Admin: PO (with vaccination) Usage: Influenza A prophylaxis (alleviates Sx) |
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Zanamivir: MOA & Administration & Usage
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Neuraminidase inhibitor
MOA: blocks viral release, increases viral aggregation Admin: Inhaled dry powder Usage: Influenza A & B |
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Oseltimivir: MOA & Administration & Usage & Adverse Effects
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Neuraminidiase inhibitor
MOA: blocks viral release, increases viral aggregation Admin:PO (prodrug) Usage: Influenza A & B AE: N/V |
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Ribavarin: MOA & Administration & Usage & Adverse Effects
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Nucleoside analogue (Guanosine)
MOA: Inhibits RNA Pol, GTP, & capping Admin: Aerosol, PO not effective Usage: Influenza A & B, RSV, Viral hepatitis (w/ interferon) AE: Hemolytic anemia |
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Acyclovir: MOA & Usage
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Nucleoside analogue (guanosine)
MOA: Inhibits RNA Pol, Chain termination Usage: HSV, VZV (immunocompromised) |
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Trifluridine: MOA & Administration & Usage
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Nucleoside analogue (guanosine)
MOA: Inhibits RNA Pol, Chain termination Admin: Topical Usage: DOC for Herpes keratitis |
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Vidarabine: MOA & Usage
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Nucleoside analogue (guanosine)
MOA: Inhibits RNA Pol, Chain termination Usage: Neonatal herpes, Herpes encephalitis |
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Ganciclovir: MOA & Usage & Adverse Effects
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Nucleoside analogue (guanosine)
MOA: Inhibits RNA Pol, Chain termination Usage: CMV retinitis, CMV pneumonia AE: Bone marrow suppression |
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Cidofovir: Usage
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Nucleoside analoge (cytosine)
Usage: CMV retinitis (ganciclovir resistant) |
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Foscarnet: MOA & Usage & Adverse Effects
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Pyrophosphate analogue
MOA: Inhibits DNA Pol Usage: CMV retinitis (ganciclovir resistant) AE: Decreased renal function |
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Interferon: Usage & Adverse Effects
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Glycoprotein
Usage: Chronic Hep B&C (w/ Ribavarin) Hairy Cell leukemia Kaposi's Sarcoma Condyloma accuminatum VZV AE: Neutropenia |
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Sulfonamides: MOA & Spectrum
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MOA: PABA analogue competitively inhibits dihydropteroate reductase (PABA -> dihydrofolic acid), inhibits purine synthesis (bacterioSTATIC)
Spectrum: Gram +, Gram -, Chlamydia, Nocardia |
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Trimethoprim: MOA & Spectrum
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MOA: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (dihydrofolate -> tetrahydrofolate), inhibits purine synthesis (bacterioSTATIC)
Spectrum: Gram +, Gram -, Chlamydia, Nocardia |
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Quinolones: MOA & Spectrum
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MOA: Inhibits DNA Gyrase
Spectrum: Gram +, Gram -, Chlamydia |
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Amphotericin B: MOA & Absorption & Usage & Adverse Effects
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Polyene macrolide
MOA: Binds sterols in PM, forming pores Abs: Poor Usage: Broad Spectrum antifungal DOC for systemic fungus AE: Binds cholesterol |
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Nystatin: MOA & Absorption & Usage
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Polyene macrolide
MOA: Binds sterols in PM, forming pores Abs: Extremely Poor (topical only) Usage: Dermal, oropharyngeal fungus Vaginal candidiasis |
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Flucytosine: MOA & Absorption & Usage & Adverse Effects
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Antimetabolite
MOA: Blocks fungal RNA/DNA Pol Abs: Good (PO) Usage: Cryptococcal meningitis (w/ Amphotericin B) Blastomycoses (w/ Itraconazole) AE: Bone-marrow suppression |
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Griseofulvin: MOA & Absorption & Usage
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Cytoskeletal agent
MOA: Inhibits microtubules -> blocks fungal mitosis (fungiSTATIC) Abs: Poor (increased w/ fatty foods) Usage: Dermatophytosis (long-term treatment) athelete's foot, ringworm |
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Ketoconazole: MOA & Absorption & Usage & Adverse Effects
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Imidazole
MOA: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis Abs: Low (increased w/ food) Usage: Mucocutaneous candidiasis Coccidiomycosis Seborrheic dermatitis (in shampoos) AE: Interferes with steroid synthesis (useful for Cushing's Tx) Inhibits P450 |
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Miconazole/Clotrimazole: MOA & Absorption & Usage
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Imidazole
MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis Abs: Extremely poor (Topical only) Usage: Dermatophytosis Vulvovaginal candidiasis Oropharyngeal thrush |
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Itraconazole: MOA & Usage
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Triazole
MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis Usage: Most potent azole for systemic fungal infections DOC for persistent dermatophytoses Aspergillus |
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Fluconazole: MOA & Absorption & Usage
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Triazole
MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis Abs: Good (Excellent CSF) Usage: DOC for Cryptococcal meningitis (unless life threatening -> Amphotericin B) Mucocutaneous candidiasis Prophylactic for transplants |
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Naftidine/Terbinafine: MOA & Usage
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Allylamine
MOA: Inhibits fungal squalene metabolism Usage: Most mucocutaneous mycoses Nail infections Not effective against candida |
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Caspofungin: MOA & Usage
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Echinocandin
MOA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis Usage: Invasive candidiasis Aspergillosis Not effective against cryptococcus |
