Dsst Intro To Computing Exam

Front 1

Hardware

Back 1

Monitor, Printer, CPU, Hard Drive, etc.

Front 2

Software

Back 2

Programs

Front 3

Operating System (OS)

Back 3

Master Program

Front 4

Central Processing Unity (CPU)

Back 4

Microprocessor, controls computer
1) Arithmetic Logic Unit
2) Control Unit
3) Registers

Front 5

CISC

Back 5

Complex Instruction Set Computer

Front 6

RISC

Back 6

Reduced Instruction Set Computer

Front 7

RAM

Back 7

Random Access Memory (info can be read from AND written to it)

Front 8

ROM

Back 8

Read Only Memory, info placed at factory

Front 9

Input Devices

Back 9

Mouse, Keyboard, etc.

Front 10

Output Devices

Back 10

Monitor, Printer, Speakers, etc.

Front 11

Peripheral Devices

Back 11

External equipment (mouse, printer, scanner, etc.)

Front 12

PC

Back 12

Personal computer, at home

Front 13

PDA

Back 13

Hand held, personal organization software, (calendar, address book, notepad, email, etc.)

Front 14

Mainframe Computer

Back 14

1960's, very large, can handle multiple-users and complex calculations simultaneously (government computers)

Front 15

Binary Digits

Back 15

1's and 0's

Front 16

Bit

Back 16

Each individual binary digit

Front 17

Byte

Back 17

1 byte = 8 bits
256 possible characters

Front 18

Kilobyte (KB)
Megabyte (MB)
Gigabyte (GB)

Back 18

1024 bytes, 1000KB, 1000MB

Front 19

Telecommunications

Back 19

transmitting computer data over a network

Front 20

network

Back 20

two or more computers connected together

Front 21

network interface card (NIC)

Back 21

connects each computer in the network by cables

Front 22

network node

Back 22

each computer in the network

Front 23

Local Area Network (LAN)

Back 23

in one room or one building

Front 24

Network Hub

Back 24

Central hardware device to which all computers in the LAN are connected

Front 25

peer to peer

Back 25

every computer is equal and share equal access to each other's files

Front 26

client/server

Back 26

one central computer holds all files (server), other computers (clients) access the server (also called workstations)
Print Server, Database Server, File Server, Web Server, Mail Server, etc. each serves specific purpose

Front 27

network topology

Back 27

how the networks are linked together

Front 28

star topology

Back 28

all computers (nodes) are connected to a central computer (expensive)

Front 29

bus network

Back 29

each computer is connected to the next in the line (inexpensive, if one link fails the whole network fails)

Front 30

ring network

Back 30

a bus network that forms a complete circle (capable of two way communication so if one link fails the others still work)

Front 31

Token Ring Network

Back 31

combination of ring and star. not used now, used token passing

Front 32

network operating system

Back 32

handles all communication between computers

Front 33

network protocol

Back 33

locks files that are currently being accessed so there wont be any conflict between computers

Front 34

token passing

Back 34

token is passed like a baton between computers. the one which currently holds the token has access to the files

Front 35

wide area network (WAN)

Back 35

spread out over large area

Front 36

types of network cable

Back 36

ARCnet (old, not used now)
Ethernet (fast, supports 1,024 workstations)
Fiber-opno *uses lasers, very expensive

Front 37

communications protocol

Back 37

standard set of rules so that each computer can understand the other

Front 38

asynchronous

Back 38

one bit is sent after the other. a start and a stop bit are sent to mark the beginning and end of each message (telephone lines)

Front 39

synchronous

Back 39

a clock synchronizes the transfer of data, very fast

Front 40

full-duplex

Back 40

send and receive at the same time

Front 41

Token Ring Network

Back 41

combination of ring and star. not used now, used token passing

Front 42

network operating system

Back 42

handles all communication between computers

Front 43

network protocol

Back 43

locks files that are currently being accessed so there wont be any conflict between computers

Front 44

token passing

Back 44

token is passed like a baton between computers. the one which currently holds the token has access to the files

Front 45

wide area network (WAN)

Back 45

spread out over large area

Front 46

types of network cable

Back 46

ARCnet (old, not used now)
Ethernet (fast, supports 1,024 workstations)
Fiber-opno *uses lasers, very expensive

Front 47

communications protocol

Back 47

standard set of rules so that each computer can understand the other

Front 48

asynchronous

Back 48

one bit is sent after the other. a start and a stop bit are sent to mark the beginning and end of each message (telephone lines)

Front 49

synchronous

Back 49

a clock synchronizes the transfer of data, very fast

Front 50

full-duplex

Back 50

send and receive at the same time

Front 51

half duplex

Back 51

can only send or receive at one time. each computer takes its turn

Front 52

modem

Back 52

modulator/demodulator. converts digital signal to analog signal (for sending down phone lines)

Front 53

multiprogramming

Back 53

more than one program can fun at the same time (OS and several apps)

Front 54

device manager (I/O supervisor)

Back 54

controls I/O devices to ensure they don't clash

Front 55

device driver

Back 55

a small piece of software which contains instrucions for the OS on how to work with a particular device

Front 56

spooler

Back 56

puts printer requests into a queue for orderly printing

Front 57

batch processing

Back 57

saves up requests and then performs them all at one time

Front 58

real-time processing (online processing)

Back 58

immediate processing of requests as they occur

Front 59

multiprocessing

Back 59

when a computer has more than one CPU and can process multiple requests at the same time

Front 60

multitasking

Back 60

one program operates in the foreground while others operate silently in the background

Front 61

multithreading

Back 61

multiple instances of the same software can be opened at the same time

Front 62

cold boot

Back 62

starting computer with ON button

Front 63

warm boot

Back 63

restarting the computer

Front 64

system utilities

Back 64

defrag, scandisk, software that maintains the os in good working order

Front 65

software development methods

Back 65

waterfall - analysis, design, implementation, matinenance
prototyping design a working prototype, see if it works, adjust, good to go

Front 66

Rapid application Development

Back 66

uses computer apps to speed up development process

Front 67

object-orientated development

Back 67

reusable pre existing objects are used tocreate a new product

Front 68

conversion to new software or system

Back 68

Parallel - both old an new software are used side by side to compare
Phased - one dept starts using the new software, then another, etc
Pilot - one department uses the new software to see if it works
Plunge - total switch

Front 69

Gantt chart

Back 69

plots out the time allocated to each step in the software development process

Front 70

PERT Chart (program evaluation and review technique)

Back 70

shows the order in which tasks must be completed

Front 71

psuedocode

Back 71

standardized plain english coding language, always follows PEMDAS

Front 72

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

Back 72

IF, THEN, ELSE,...