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89 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is adjustment disorder?
Stressor - commonly experienced (except grief)
1) Marked distress that is in excess of what would be expected from exposure to the stressor
2) Significant impairment in social/occupational (academic) functioning

C) Not criteria for another Axis I or exacerbation of preexisting Axis I or Axis II disorder

Begin within 3 months of stressor

If continues beyond 6 months - change to another mental disorder
What is PTSD?
a) Exposure to trauma

B) Reexperience - memories, nightmares, hallucinations, distress to cues

C) Avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma/numbing

D) Increased arousal - sleep problems, anger, difficulty concentrating, exagerrated startle response, excessive vigilance

E) More than 1 month
What is acute stress disorder?
Occurs within 4 weeks of traumatic event and lasts for a minimum of 2 days and maximum of a month

Stressor - like PTSD, severe
What is the criteria for specific phobia?
A) Marked or persistent fear that is unreasonable, cued by a specific object or situation

B) Anxiety response or panic attack

C) Person knows fear is excessive or unreasonable

D) Phobic situation avoided or endured with intense anxiety or distress

E) interfere with life

F) at least 6 months

animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational, other
Social phobia
A) Fear of social or performance situations in which person is exposed to unfamiliar people or scrutiny

B) Exposure to feared social situation provokes anxiety or panic

C) Insight

D) Avoidance or endured with a lot of distress

E) Interfere with life
Panic Attack
4 o more, symptoms develop abruptly and reach peak within 10 minutes:

a) Pounding heart
b) Sweating
c) Trembling or shaking
d) Shortness of breath
5) shocking
6) chest pain
7) nausea
8) Dizzy
9) Derealization (feelings of unreality), or depersonalization (being detached from oneself)
10) fear of going crazy
11) fear of dying
12) parathesias (numbness)
13) chills/hot flushes
Panic Disorder w/o Agoraphobia
BOTH (1) and (2)
1) recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
2) at least 1 of the attacks followed by 1 month or more of concern about having another one, or consequences of attack

B) no agoraphobia

C) Not due to substance

D) Not explained by any mental disorder
Agoraphobia
A) Anxiety about being in places from which escape might be difficult/embarassing, or help not readily there

B) Situations avoided/endured with distress

C) Anxiety or avoidance not better accounted by another anxiety disorder
Panic disorder w/ Agoraphobia
A) Panic disorder
B) Agoraphobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A) Excessive anxiety more days than not for 6 months or more

B) Difficult to control

C) 3/6 of:
a) restlessness
b) fatigue
c) difficulty concentrating
d) irritability
e) muscle tension
f) sleep disturbance

D) Not due to another Axis I disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A) Either obsessions or compulsions

Obsessions:
a) recurrent, persistent thoughts causing anxiety
b) not excessive worries about real-life problems
c) attempts to ignore
d) product of own mind

Compulsions:
a) repetitive behaviors driven to do
b) behaviors aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing dreaded event

B) Insight

C) time-consuming, interferes with normal functioning, or causes marked distress
Major Depressive EPISODE
5 or more of following smyptoms for 2 weeks

Sadness/Loss of interest and at least 5:

S: sleep disturbance (insomnia or hypersomnia)
I: Loss of interest
G: Guilt
E: Lack of energy
C: Difficulty concentrating
A: Appetite (up or down)
P: Psychomotor agitation or retardation
S: Suicide

Not mixed episode
Manic EPISODE
A) Elevated, expansive, irritable mood - at least 1 week

B) 3 or more:
(1) Grandiosity
(2) Decreased need for sleep
(3) Talkative
(4) Flight of Ideas
5) Distracted
6) Increase in goal-directed activity
7) Pleasurable activities that have painful consequences

F) Not Mixed episode
Hypomanic episode
Same as manic episode, at least 4 days, less than 1 week
Dysthymic Disorder
A) Depressed mood more often than not for 2 years

B) 2 or more of: (CASE)
1) A
2) Sleep
3) E
4) Low self-esteem
5) C: Poor concentration
6) Hopelessness

C) never been without A or B for 2 months at a time

D) No major depressive disorder present for first 2 years

E) No Manic/Mixed/Hypomanic/Cyclothymic disorder
Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode or Recurrent
A) Presence of a major depressive episode
1) initial episode
2) recurrent episode

B) not better accounted by another disorder

C) never been manic episode or mixed, or hypomanic episode
Recurrent episode
Preceded by 1 ore more previous episodes
Chronic major depressive disorder
Symptoms do not remit for 2 years
Relapse
Return of symptoms within a short period of time
Major depressive episode with melancholic features
lost interest

3 of these:
a) early morning awakenings
b) depression worse in morning
c) psychomotor agit/ret
d) loss of A
e) guilt
f) not simply sadness
More genetic loading
Severe major depressive episode with psychotic features
Hallucinations/delusions are mood-congruent
Major depressive episode with atypical features
Mood reactivity - person's mood brightens in response to positive events
2:
a) increase A
b) increase S
3) paralysis
4) sensitive to interpersonal rejection

MAOIs appropriate
Major depressive episode with catatonic features
Immobility, mutism, rigidity
Recurrent major depressive episode with a seasonal pattern
Fall/winter remission occured at same time of year
Double depression
Major depression with dysthymia
Cyclothymic disorder
At least 2 years, presence of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for Major depressive episode

b) not been without A for more than 2 months at a time

c) no major depressive episode, manic, or mixed present
Bipolar I disorder
A) 1 or more manic or mixed episodes

B) Presence of 1 or more major depressive episodes

C) Mood symptoms not better accounted for by another disorder
Mixed episode
Both full-blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least 1 week
Bipolar II
Not full-blown manic or mixed but clear cut hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes
Hypochondriasis
A) Preoccupation with fears of contracting/having disease, based on misinterpretation of bodily symptoms

B) despite medical evaluation, preoccupation persists

C) 6 months
Somatization disorder
A) History of physical complaints starting before age 30 that occur over several years

B) 4 pain, 2 gastrointestinal, 1 sexual, and 1 pseudoneurological symptom

C) either 1 or 2:
a) can't be explained by medical condition
b) excess of what is expected

Not feigned or produced intentionally
Pain disorder
A) Pain

B) Distress

C) Psychological factors

D) Not feigned
Conversion disorder
A) 1 or more symptoms affecting voluntary motor (no voice, no limb) or sensory function (can't see), or seizures that suggest neurological condition

B) Psychological factors

C) Not malingering/factitious

D) Not explained by general medical condition
Factitious Disorder
A) Intentional production or feigning of physical or psychological signs of symptoms

B) ASSUME SICK ROLE

C) No external incentives for behavior (like economic gain or avoiding legal responsibilities, as seen in Malingering).
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
A) Preoccupation with defect in appearance

B) Significant distress
Depersonalization Disorder
A) Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from one's mental processes or body (sense of self is lost)

B) Reality testing remains intact
Derealization
One's sense of reality of the outisde world is temporarily lost
Dissociative Amnesia
A) Unable to recall important info too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

Episodic (events experienced) and autobiographical memory (personal events experienced) not working
Dissociative Fugue
A) Travel away from home or work with inability to recall one's past

B) Confusion about personal identity or assumption new identity
Dissociative Identity Disorder
A) Presence of 2 or more distinct identities, each with its own relatively enduring pattern of relating to self

B) At least 2 of the identities recurrently take control of the person's behavior

C) Can't recall personal information too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness
Anorexia Nervosa
A) Refusal to maintain weight

B) Intense fear of gaining weight

C) Distorted perception of body shape and size

D) Absence of at least 3 consecutive periods
Bulimia Nervosa
Lack of control of recurrent episodes of binge eating (far greater than anyone might eat)

Recurrent and inappropriate efforts to compensate for effects of binge eating (like vomiting, laxatives, exercise)

Self-evaluation influenced by weight and body shape
Eating Disorder not Otherwise Specified
ex) Anorexia w/o absence of periods
Binge-eating disorder
A) Eating a lot

B) Lack of control

C) 3 or more:
1) Eating much more rapidly
2) Uncomfortably full
3) Eat when not hungry
4) Eating alone
5) Guilt

D) Distress

E) 2x/week for 6 months
Obesity
BMI above 30
DSM and Personality Disorders
Pervasive, inflexible

Long duraction

Clinically significant distress or impairment in at least 2 ways: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control
DSM 3 Personality Clusters
A: Odd/suspicious: schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid

B: Dramatic, emotional/erratic: BPD, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial

C: Anxiety/fearfulness: Avoidant, dependent, OCD-personality
Paranoid Personality
A. 4:
1) Suspicious of being deceived, harmed, or exploited
2) Unjustified doubts
3) Not confiding
4) Hidden threatening meanings
5) Bears grudges
6) Angry reactions to character
7) Suspicious of fidelity
Schizoid
A: 4 of folliwng:
1) Doesn't want close relationships
2) Solitary activities
3) No sex
4) No pleasure in activities
5) No close friends
6) Indifferent to people's appraisals
7) Coldness
Schizotypal
A) 5:
1) Ideas of reference - gestures have special meaning or personal significance
2) Odd beliefs
3) Unusual perceptual experiences
4) Odd thinking and speech
5) Supicious
6) Constricted affect
7) Odd behavior
8) Lack of close friends
9) Excessive social anxiety

Attenuated form of schizophrenia
Histrionic personality disorder
A) 5:
1) Discomfort when not center of attention
2) Sexual
3) Shallow expression or rapid shifts in emotion
4) Physical appearance to seduce
5) impressionistic style of speech
6) Self-dramatize
7) Suggestible
8) Relationships more intimate than they actually are
Narcissistic
5 of following:
1) Gradiose sense of self-importance
2) Unlimited success
3) Speciallness
4) Admiration need
5) Entitlement
6) Exploitative
7) Lacks empathy
8) Envious of others
9) Arrogance
Antisocial PD
Continually violate and show disregard for rights of others through deceitful behavior, typically without remorse or loyalty: 3:
1) Failure to conform to social norms
2) Deceitfulness
3) Impulsivity
4) Irritability
5) Disregard safety
6) Irresponsibility
7) Lack of remorse

Since 15, yet must be 18 or older

Before age 15 - symptoms of conduct disorder
Conduct disorder
Children/young adolescents who show persistent patterns of aggression towards people or animals, property
Borderline PD
Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and impulsivity as indicated by 5/9:

1) Avoid abandonment
2) Unstable self-image
3) Unstable relationships
4) Impulsivity
5) Suicidality
6) Mood reactivity
7) Emptiness
8) Anger
9( Stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociation
Avoidant PD
Social inhibition, inadequacy, hypersensitive by 4:

1) Avoids interpersonal contact
2) Afraid, unless liked
3) Restraint
4) Overly sensitive
5) Inhibited because of inadequacy
6) Socially inept
7) Reluctance to take risks for fear of embarassment
Dependent PD
Need to be taken care of, submission, fear of separation of 5:
1) Can't make decisions on own
2) Irresponsibility
3) Can't express disagreement
4) Difficulty initiating projects
5) Wants support
6) Doesn't want to be alone
7) Seeks other relationships
8) Fears of being left to take care of him/herself

a)
OCPD
Orderliness, Perfectionism, Control, 4:
1) Detail-oriented so task is lost
2) Perfectionism interferes
3) Devotion to work
4) Inflexible
5) Packrat
6) Reluctance to delegate tasks
7) Miserliness
8) Rigidity and stubbornness
Substance abuse
1) Don't fulfill role
2) Use substances when hazardouse
3) Legal problems
4) Social/interpersonal problems

1 or more in 12 months
Substance dependence
1) Tolerance - need increase amounts
2) Withdrawal - symptoms
3) Need lots of substance
4) Lots of time
5) Became most important thing - social, occupational, recreational activities given up
6) Can't quit
7) Continued use despite psychological or physical problem

3/7

12 months
Fetishism
6 months, non-living objects
Transvestic fetishism
6 months, in a heterosexual male, cross-dressing
Voyeurism
6 months, Observing someone who doesn't suspect it
Exhibitionism
6 month, exposing to unsuspecting stranger
Sexual sadism
6 months, suffering of person
Masochism
6 months, humiliated
Pedophilia
6 months, Kid 13 or younger, person at least 16 or at least 5 years older
Autogynephilia (Transvestic fetishism)
thought of being a woman
Gender Identity Disorder
A) Persistent Cross Gender ID
1) Insistence to be other sex
2) Preference for clothing
3) Make-believe
4) Stereotypical games
5) Opposite-sex playmates

B) Discomfort with sex or sense of inappropriateness of gender role
1) genitals digusting
2) Reject stereotypical games, clothes, etc.
3) Want to get rid of secondary sex characteristics
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Deficient or absent sexual fantasies or desire for sex
Sexual aversion disorder
Persistent or recurrent aversion to, or avoidance of genital sexual contact
Female Sexual arousal disorder
Persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of sex, or adequate lubrication-swelling
Male Erectile Disorder
Inability to attain erection
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Delay or absence of orgasm (for capacity for age, experience, adequacy of stimulation)
Male Orgasmic Disorder
Delay or absence of orgasm, taking into account age, focus, intensity, duration, etc.
Premature ejaculation
Ejaculation with minumal sexual stimulation before/on/shortly after and before person wishes it
Dyspareunia
Genital pain associated with sex, or tampon insertion
Vaginismus
Involuntary spasm
Schizophrenia
2 or more, 1 month
1) Delusions
2) Hallucinations
3) Disorganized speech
4) Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (disorganized no goal-directed activity, minimal hygeine)
5) Negative symptoms

Only 1 required if delusions bizarre or hallucinations consist of 2 voices talking or 1 keeping a running commentary

B) Dysfunction in work, relationships, self

C) 6 months, with at least 1 month of symptoms above
Paranoid Schizophrenia
Delusions/Frequent auditory hallucinations

No disorganized speech, catatonic/disorganized behavior, or flat affect
Disorganized Schizophrenia
A) Disorganized speech
B) Disorganized behavior
C) Flat/inappropriate affect
D) NO CATATONIA
Catatonic Schizophrenia
At least 2:
1) Immobile body or stupor
2) Excessive motor activity
3) Mutism, resistance to being moved
4) Bizarre postures
5) imitate speech or movement
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
Do not meet criteria for anything else
Residual Schizophrenia
A) Absence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, behavior
B) Evidence of schizophrenia, negative symptoms, mild psychotic symptoms, odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences
Schizoaffective Disorder
A) Either Major depressive episode, Manic episode, or Mixed Episode with Schizophrenia
B) AT least 2 weeks where delusions/hallucinations present without mood symptoms
C) Mood symptoms present for substantial proportion of total illness time
Schizophreniform Disorder
A) Schizophrenia
B) Episode of disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months
Delusional Disorder
A) Nonbizarre delusions (could occur, like being followed or being poisoned), at least 1 month
B) No full-blown schizophrenia
C) Functioning not impaired, behavior still fine
Brief Psychotic Disorder
A) 1 or more: schizophrenic symptoms (except affect)
B) At least 1 day, but less than 1 month
Shared Psychotic Disorder
A) Delusion develops in context of close relationship
B) Delusion similar in content to person with delusion