Drugs Unit Ii Part 1

Front 1

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Back 1

•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: M
•Action: Prounounced effects on bladder and GI tract; 4° amine, does not pass BBB
•Indications: urinary retention, dec. bowel activity
•Contraindications: peptic ulcers, asthma

Front 2

Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)

Back 2

•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: M
•Action: stimulates salivary and sweat glands;contract iris sphincter and ciliary muscle to decrease pressure; absorbed into the CNS
•Indications: Open angle glaucoma
•Side effects: blurred vision, sweating

Front 3

Cavimeline (Evoxac)

Back 3

•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: M3
•Action: increase salivation without much sweating
•Indications: dry mouth
•SE/CI: none

Front 4

Carbochol (Isopto Carbachol)

Back 4

•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: M, N
•Action: choline ester that is not not hydrolyzed rapidly
•Indications: Dx of asthma
•SE/CI:

Front 5

Nicotine

Back 5

•Class:Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: N
•Action: initial stimulation of alrtness, skeletal muscles; not broken down fast causing desensitization
•Indications:
•SE/CI: high doses cause convulsions, vomiting, increased RR followed by depression

Front 6

Varenicline (Chantix)

Back 6

•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: N
•Action: partial agonist of N revceptor in brain to block action of nicotine
•Indications: smoking cessation
•SE/CI: N/V, CNS disturbances

Front 7

Edrophonium (Tensilon)

Back 7

•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor:
•Action: short acting; binds reversible to enzyme; used to diagnose MG;
•Indications: Dx of myasthenia gravis
•SE/CI:

Front 8

Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

Back 8

•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor:
•Action: carbamate; 4° amine
•Indications: Dx of MG
•SE/CI: muscarinic side effects

Front 9

Physostigmine (Eserine)

Back 9

•Class: Cholinesterase inhibtor
•Receptor:
•Action: carbamate; like neostigmine but 3° amine (can enter CNS)
•Indications: narrow angle glaucoma
•SE/CI: unpleasant

Front 10

Echothiophate

Back 10

•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor:
•Action: organophosphate with long duration
•Indications: long term control of glaucoma
•SE/CI:

Front 11

Organophosphate Pesticides

Back 11

•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor:
•Action: phsphorylate AChE; reversible early but undergoes irreversible aging over hours
•Indications: pesticides, nerve gas
•SE/CI: similar to stimulation of both M and N receptors

Front 12

Donepesil (Aricept)

Back 12

•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor:
•Action: CNS acting
•Indications: Alzheimers
•SE/CI:

Front 13

Pralidoxamine (2-PAM)

Back 13

•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor:
•Action: can remove organophosphate to prevent aging
•Indications: organophosphate OD or carbamate OD
•SE/CI:

Front 14

Atropine

Back 14

"Dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beet"

•Class: Cholinergic Antagonist
•Receptor:
•Action: does not enter CNS until high dose; block ciliary mm., lose of accommodation (cyclopegia); closes trabecular system; dose dependent effects
••Low - dry mouth, dec. sweating and dec. bronchial secretions
••Intermediate - tachycardia and blurred vision
••High - decrease GI, urinary retention, CNS effects
•Indications: to reverse effects of reflex vagal disharge, bradycardia, AV block, asthma attack
•SE/CI: side effects due to decrease of PNS and increase of SNS toen; CI - narrow angle glaucoma, BPH

Front 15

Scopolamine

Back 15

•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor:
•Action: enters CNS easily to cause sedation and amnesia
•Indications: motion sickness (patch), pre anesthesia, dry bronchial and salivary secretion
•SE/CI: excitement, euphoria, coma with high dose; psychosis in kids

Front 16

Tolterodine (Detrol)

Back 16

•Class: Cholinergic Antagonist
•Receptor: M3
•Action: not lipid soluble, few CNS effects
•Indications: overactive bladder
•SE/CI:

Front 17

Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

Back 17

•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor:
•Action:
•Indications: prevent bladder spasm after prostate sx
•SE/CI:

Front 18

Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)

Back 18

•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor:
•Action:
•Indications: used surgically to prevent vagal response when visceral handled; decreases M side effects when neostigmine is used for MG
•SE/CI:

Front 19

Dicyclomine (Bentyl)

Back 19

•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor:
•Action: inhibit motility and secretions in GI tract
•Indications: GI antispasmotic
•SE/CI:

Front 20

Solifenacin (Vesicare)

Back 20

•Class:Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor: M3
•Action: little effect on salivation
•Indications: overactive baldder and urinary frequency
•SE/CI:

Front 21

Ipatropium (Atrovent)

Back 21

•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor:
•Action: 4° amine derivative of atropine
•Indications: inhalation for asthma and COPD
•SE/CI: dry mouth

Front 22

Tropicamide (Mydriacil)

Back 22

•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor:
•Action: synthetic derivative of atropine with short duration
•Indications: mydriasis and cytoplegia
•SE/CI: CI- narrow angle

Front 23

Diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil)

Back 23

•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor:
•Action: opioid that decreases GI motility
•Indications: diarrhea
•SE/CI: