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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bethanechol (Urecholine)
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•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: M •Action: Prounounced effects on bladder and GI tract; 4° amine, does not pass BBB •Indications: urinary retention, dec. bowel activity •Contraindications: peptic ulcers, asthma |
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Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)
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•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: M •Action: stimulates salivary and sweat glands;contract iris sphincter and ciliary muscle to decrease pressure; absorbed into the CNS •Indications: Open angle glaucoma •Side effects: blurred vision, sweating |
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Cavimeline (Evoxac)
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•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: M3 •Action: increase salivation without much sweating •Indications: dry mouth •SE/CI: none |
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Carbochol (Isopto Carbachol)
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•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: M, N •Action: choline ester that is not not hydrolyzed rapidly •Indications: Dx of asthma •SE/CI: |
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Nicotine
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•Class:Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: N •Action: initial stimulation of alrtness, skeletal muscles; not broken down fast causing desensitization •Indications: •SE/CI: high doses cause convulsions, vomiting, increased RR followed by depression |
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Varenicline (Chantix)
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•Class: Direct acting cholinergic agonist
•Receptor: N •Action: partial agonist of N revceptor in brain to block action of nicotine •Indications: smoking cessation •SE/CI: N/V, CNS disturbances |
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Edrophonium (Tensilon)
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•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor: •Action: short acting; binds reversible to enzyme; used to diagnose MG; •Indications: Dx of myasthenia gravis •SE/CI: |
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Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
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•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor: •Action: carbamate; 4° amine •Indications: Dx of MG •SE/CI: muscarinic side effects |
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Physostigmine (Eserine)
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•Class: Cholinesterase inhibtor
•Receptor: •Action: carbamate; like neostigmine but 3° amine (can enter CNS) •Indications: narrow angle glaucoma •SE/CI: unpleasant |
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Echothiophate
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•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor: •Action: organophosphate with long duration •Indications: long term control of glaucoma •SE/CI: |
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Organophosphate Pesticides
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•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor: •Action: phsphorylate AChE; reversible early but undergoes irreversible aging over hours •Indications: pesticides, nerve gas •SE/CI: similar to stimulation of both M and N receptors |
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Donepesil (Aricept)
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•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor: •Action: CNS acting •Indications: Alzheimers •SE/CI: |
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Pralidoxamine (2-PAM)
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•Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
•Receptor: •Action: can remove organophosphate to prevent aging •Indications: organophosphate OD or carbamate OD •SE/CI: |
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Atropine
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"Dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beet"
•Class: Cholinergic Antagonist •Receptor: •Action: does not enter CNS until high dose; block ciliary mm., lose of accommodation (cyclopegia); closes trabecular system; dose dependent effects ••Low - dry mouth, dec. sweating and dec. bronchial secretions ••Intermediate - tachycardia and blurred vision ••High - decrease GI, urinary retention, CNS effects •Indications: to reverse effects of reflex vagal disharge, bradycardia, AV block, asthma attack •SE/CI: side effects due to decrease of PNS and increase of SNS toen; CI - narrow angle glaucoma, BPH |
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Scopolamine
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•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor: •Action: enters CNS easily to cause sedation and amnesia •Indications: motion sickness (patch), pre anesthesia, dry bronchial and salivary secretion •SE/CI: excitement, euphoria, coma with high dose; psychosis in kids |
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Tolterodine (Detrol)
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•Class: Cholinergic Antagonist
•Receptor: M3 •Action: not lipid soluble, few CNS effects •Indications: overactive bladder •SE/CI: |
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Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
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•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor: •Action: •Indications: prevent bladder spasm after prostate sx •SE/CI: |
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Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
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•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor: •Action: •Indications: used surgically to prevent vagal response when visceral handled; decreases M side effects when neostigmine is used for MG •SE/CI: |
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Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
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•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor: •Action: inhibit motility and secretions in GI tract •Indications: GI antispasmotic •SE/CI: |
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Solifenacin (Vesicare)
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•Class:Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor: M3 •Action: little effect on salivation •Indications: overactive baldder and urinary frequency •SE/CI: |
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Ipatropium (Atrovent)
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•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor: •Action: 4° amine derivative of atropine •Indications: inhalation for asthma and COPD •SE/CI: dry mouth |
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Tropicamide (Mydriacil)
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•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor: •Action: synthetic derivative of atropine with short duration •Indications: mydriasis and cytoplegia •SE/CI: CI- narrow angle |
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Diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil)
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•Class: Cholinergic antagonist
•Receptor: •Action: opioid that decreases GI motility •Indications: diarrhea •SE/CI: |
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d-Tubocurarine
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•Class: Non-polarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
•Receptor: Nm •Action: slow onset, long duration; competitive antagonist at NMJ and prejuntional Na channel; causes histamine release; can be overcome with inc. ACh; ionized (no CNS entry) •Indications: paralysis of skeletal mm. •SE/CI: ganglionic blockade, vagal blockade |
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Pancuronium (Pavulon)
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•Class: Non-polarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
•Receptor: Nm •Action: slow onset, long duration •Indications: •SE/CI: moderate block of N and M, vagal blockage, tachycardia |
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Vecuronium (Norcuron)
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•Class: Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
•Receptor: Nm •Action: slow onset, intermediate duration •Indications: •SE/CI: |
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Cisatracurium (Nimbex)
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•Class: Non-polarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
•Receptor: Nm •Action: most commonly used; no histamine release •Indications: •SE/CI: |
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Rocuronium (Zemuron)
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•Class: Non-polarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
•Receptor: Nm •Action: rapid onset, intermediate duration •Indications: Intubation •SE/CI: |
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Succinylcholine (Anectine)
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•Class: Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
•Receptor: Nm •Action: rapid onset and duration; initial stimulation and contraction but receptor desensitized causing paralysis; hydrolyzed by plasma pseudocholinesterase •Indications: intubation, ventilation; Sx; convulsions; Ca channel blockage •SE/CI: CI- bruens, severe trauma, nn. degeneration, CNS injury (causes release of K+ into blood leading to cardiac arrest) |
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Mecamylamine (Inversine)
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•Class: Ganglion blocker
•Receptor: •Action: non-depolarizing competitive antagonist; blocks ALL autonomic ganglia •Indications: used to treat HTN •SE/CI: effects similar to blocking both SNS and PNS; decreases autonomic reflexes |
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Hexamethonium
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•Class: Ganglion blocker
•Receptor: •Action: decreases autonomic reflexes •Indications: Tourette's, nicotine/cocaine addiction •SE/CI: |
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Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
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•Class: Catecholamine
•Receptor: Alpha, Beta-1, Beta-2 •Action: short duration; dose dependent ••LOW- +ionotropic, chronotopic; increase in systolic and diastolic pressures followed by dec in D BP due to vasodilation of bv's; little overall change in BP but inc HR ••HIGH- more alpha; pressor effect; D and S BP increase while there is less inc HR; inc in blood glucose and renin •Indications: anaphylactic shock; cardiac arrest; complete heart block •SE/CI: CI- beta blocker use (severe alpha increase, severe HTN) |
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Norepinephrine (Levophed)
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•Class: Catecholamine
•Receptor: Alpha, Beta-1 •Action: vasoconstriction to increase BP with reflex bradycardia •Indications: severe hypotension •SE/CI: |
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Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
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•Class: Catecholamine
•Receptor: Beta-1, Beta-2 •Action: +ionotrope, chronotrope; vasodilation in skeletal mm. leading to dec BP with reflex tachycardia •Indications: cardiac arrest, complete heart block •SE/CI: large doses cause tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias |
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Dopamine (Intopin)
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•Class: Catecholamine, DA agonist
•Receptor: Beta-2, D1 •Action: dose dependent: ••LOW- activate D1 in renal vascular beds, vasodilation ••HIGH- stimulate beta-1 in heart (+inotrope, chronotrope) ••OD- release NE to stimulate alpha-1, vasoconstriction, inc BP •Indications: IV tx for cardiac shock •SE/CI: N/V; tachycardia, angina, arrythmias; HA, peripheral vasoconstriction CI- pheochromocytoma, MAOIs |
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Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
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•Class: Alpha-1 agonist
•Receptor: Alpha-1 •Action: casoconstriction, inc BP with slight reflex bradycardia; mydriasis without cycloplegia •Indications: decongestant; hypotensive emergency to increase BP •SE/CI:ischemic changes with chronic use; CI- HTN |
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Pseudoephrine (Sudafed)
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•Class: Alpha agonist
•Receptor: •Action: less tachy and CNS effects •Indications: OTS decongestant •SE/CI: HTN caution |
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Clonidine (Catapres)
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•Class: Alpha-2 agonist
•Receptor: Alpha-2 •Action: acts presynaptically in CNS to decrease NE release; decrease in BP, HR •Indications: HTN •SE/CI: HTN may occur with fast withdrawal |
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Apraclonidine (Iopidine)
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•Class: Alpha-2 agonist
•Receptor: Alpha-2 •Action: dec intraocular pressure •Indications: Open angle glaucoma •SE/CI: |
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Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
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•Class: Beta-1 agonist
•Receptor: Beta-1 •Action: +ionotropic, chronotropic; increased cardiac output with little effect on peripheral resistance •Indications: cardiac stress test; increase cardiac output for cardiogenic shock and CHF •SE/CI: HTN caution |
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Albuterol (Ventolin), Terbutaline (Brethine)
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•Class: Beta-2 Agonist
•Receptor: Beta-2 •Action: small effect on beta-1 •Indications: inhalation asthma tx •SE/CI: HA, tremors, tachy |
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Ritrodine (Yutopar)
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•Class: Beta-2 agonist
•Receptor: Beta-2 •Action: small effect on beta-1 •Indications: relax uterus and suppress pre-term labor •SE/CI: |
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Ephedrine
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•Class:N/A
•Receptor: Alpha •Action: long duration; similar to Epi but less prounounced; CNS stimulant •Indications: •SE/CI: herbal that was taken off market due to severe HTN and hemorrhagic stroke |
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Amphetamine
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•Class: Indirect acting symphatomimetic
•Receptor: •Action: displaces NE and DA from vesicles to inc their release from neurons; CNS stimulant •Indications: enuresis (strong contraction of urinary bladder sphincter) •SE/CI: tremor, tachy, HTN, psychosis, dizziness, HA, aggression, convulsions, coma |
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Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
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•Class: Amphetamine
•Receptor: •Action: paradoxical decrease in activity •Indications: ADHD •SE/CI: |
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Cocaine
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•Class: Indirect acting symphatomimetic
•Receptor: •Action: inhibits reuptake of NE and DA into nerve terminals; shot acting amphetamine effect thats more intense •Indications: nasopharyngeal sx to dec blood flow and local anesthesia •SE/CI: addicting, severe HTN, stroke, tachy, arrhythmias, MI, psychosis |
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Tyramine
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•Class: Indirect acting symphatomimetic
•Receptor: •Action: increases release of catecholamines from nerve terminals; displaces them in vesicles (false NT octopamine); metabolized by MAO •Indications: •SE/CI: tachy; CI- MAOIs |
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Fendolpam (Corlopam)
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•Class: DA agonist
•Receptor: D1 •Action: dilation of vascular beds; dec BP •Indications: short term tx for severe HTN •SE/CI: |
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Phentolamine (Regitine)
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•Class: Alpha blocker
•Receptor: Alpha-1, Alpha-2 •Action: dec resistance and BP; inc NE release to inc HR; GI stimulation due to blockage of 5-HT receptor and increase histamine release •Indications: short term tx of HTN crisis in pheochromocytoma •SE/CI: tachy, myocardial ischemia, abd pain, arrythmias, hypotension; CI- peptic ulcers, viagra (severe drop in BP) |
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Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
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•Class: Alpha blocker
•Receptor: Alpha-1, Alpha-2 •Action: irreversible non-competitive antagonist that that binds covalently to receptors; inhibits NE reuptake; BP dec since alpha blocked cause beta to take over, reflex tachy •Indications: pheochromocytoma •SE/CI: severe hypotension may occur with hypovolemia; CI- Viagra (severe drop in BP) |
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Prazosin (Minpress)
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•Class: Alpha-1 blocker
•Receptor: Alpha-1 •Action: reversible antagonist; relaxes arterial and venous smooth mm.; less likely to cause reflex tachy; resistance and BP and preload •Indications: HTN, BPH •SE/CI: CHF (half-life extended); CI- Viagra |
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Terazosin (Hytrin), Doxazosin (Cardura)
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•Class: Alpha-1 blocker
•Receptor: Alpha-1 •Action: similar to prazosin; dec size of prostate •Indications: BPH •SE/CI: first dose phenomenon; difficulty ejaculating; CI- Viagra |
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Yohimbine
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•Class: Alpha-2 Blocker
•Receptor: Alpha-2 •Action: blocks presynaptic receptors and increase NE release; BP and HR inc •Indications: natural alternative to viagra; antagonizes clonidine •SE/CI: CL- HTN |
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Propanolol (Inderal)
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•Class: Beta Blocker
•Receptor: Beta-1, Beta-2 •Action: competative antagonist; -inotrope, chronotrope; dec renin, production of aqueous humor; blocks glycogenolysis/lipolysis increasing VLDL and dec HDL; different drugs affect metabolism rate •Indications: chronic use for dec BP; HTN, prior MI; angina and early CHF (dec O2 consumption); arrhythmias; hyperthyroidism •SE/CI: CNS sedation, brady, ; CI- pheocytochroma, must give alpha-blocker to prevent severe HTN; type I diabetes |
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Timolol (Timoptic)
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•Class: Beta Blocker
•Receptor: Beta-1, Beta-2 •Action: absorbed systemically •Indications: open angle glaucoma (2nd choice) •SE/CI: CI- pheocromocytoma; Asthma; type I diabetes |
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Metoprolol (Lopressor)
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•Class: Beta-1 Blocker
•Receptor: Beta-1 •Action: local anesthetic; red. risk of causing hypoglycemia; better exercise tolerance (does not block beta-2); -chronotrope, inotrope •Indications: HTN; migran prophylaxis, post MI •SE/CI: dizziness, fatigue, brady, hypotension; CI- glaucoma due to anesthetic effect, Asthma/COPD |
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Atenolol (Tenormin)
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•Class: Beta-1 Blocker
•Receptor: Beta-1 •Action: like metoprolol but without anesthetic; red. risk of hypoglycemia; better exercise tolerance; -inotroph, chronotroph •Indications: •SE/CI: CI- COPD/Asthma |
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Esmolol (Brevibloc)
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•Class: Beta-1 Blocker
•Receptor: Beta-1 •Action: short duration •Indications: IV when short beta block wanted •SE/CI: |
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Nebivolol (Bystolic)
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•Class: Beta-1 Blocker
•Receptor: Beta-1 •Action: vasodilation due to NO release; most selective beta-1 blocker; red. in C, TAGs, glucose •Indications: •SE/CI: |
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Betaxolol (Betopic)
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•Class: Beta-1 Blocker
•Receptor: Beta-1 •Action: •Indications: open angle glaucoma •SE/CI: fewer side effects than timolol |
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Pindolol (Visken)
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•Class: Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathetic activity
•Receptor: Beta-1, Beta-2 •Action: minor effect on lipids, risk of brady is lower •Indications: HTN, angina •SE/CI: |
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Acebutolol (Secral)
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•Class: Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathetic activity
•Receptor: Beta-1 •Action: local anesthetic; minor effect on lipids; risk of brady lower •Indications: HTN, angina •SE/CI: CI- glaucoma due to anesthetic |
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Lebatalol (Normodyne)
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•Class: Combined blocker
•Receptor: Alpha-1, Beta-1, Beta-2 •Action: relaxes arterial smooth mm. to dec BP; prevents compensatory in in HR; local anesthetic •Indications: PO HTN, IV HTN emergency •SE/CI: alpha and beta blocker side effects; CI- glaucoma |
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Carvedilol (Coreg)
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•Class: Combined Blocker
•Receptor: Alpha-1, Beta-1, Beta-2 •Action: vasodilation and dec BP without tachy; inhibits smooth mm. mitogenesis (beneficial for CHF) •Indications: HTN, CHF, post MI •SE/CI: |
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Guanethidine (Ismelin)
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•Class: NT release blocker
•Receptor: •Action: inhibits NE release; replaces NE to gradually deplete NE stores •Indications: used to be used for severe HTN •SE/CI: complete loss of SNS |
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Reserpine
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•Class: NT release blocker
•Receptor: •Action: interferes with uptake and storage of biogenic amines; depletes NE, DA, 5-HT; low doses dec BP •Indications: not used clinically •SE/CI: severe dirrhea, depression, Parkinson-like symptoms |
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Metyrosine (Desmer)
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•Class: Synthesis inhibitor
•Receptor: •Action: blocks tyrosine hydroxylase; dec in DA, NE, Epi synthesis •Indications: pre-surgical in pheochromocytoma •SE/CI: |
