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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Receptors that use ACh
- types |
Cholinergic Receptors
-Nicotinic -Muscarinic |
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Receptors that use 5-HT
- types |
Serotenergic receptors
- 5-HT1 - 5-HT7 |
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Receptors that use dopamine
- types |
Dopaminergic receptors
- D1 - D5 |
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Receptors that use norepinephrine
- types |
Adrenergic receptors
- alpha and beta |
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Receptors that use GABA
- types |
Gabanergic receptors
- GABAa and GABAb |
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Receptors that use glutamate
- types |
Glutamanergic receptors
- AMPA, NMDA, and Kainate |
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Amphetamine
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stimulates dopamine systems (and others) by increasing the release of DA from the presynaptic terminals and by blocking the reuptake of DA.
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Cocaine
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blocks reuptake of DA, NE and 5-HT
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Methylphenidate
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blocks reuptake of DA - used to treat attention-deficit disorder (ADD)
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Nicotine
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a nicotinic agonist - appears to be reinforcing because it attaches to receptors that increase the release of DA in the nucleus accumbens. Indirectly affects.
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Opiates
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increase DA indirectly. Opiates inhibit endorphin synapses (endogenous opiates), which inhibit GABA neurons, which normally would inhibit DA release.
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Marijuana
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a cannabinoid containing D9-THC - it binds to cannabinoid receptors on the presynaptic neuron found in the brain (esp., hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum). Anandamide and 2-AG appear to be an endogenous cannabinoids. Indirectly affects.
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Phencyclidine
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does not affect DA, but inhibits certain glutamate receptors located in the nucleus accumbens. Indirectly.
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MDMA
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methylenedioxymethamphetamine - a derivative of methylamphetamine that stimulates the release of DA at low doses - at higher doses it stimulates 5-HT receptors producing hallucinogenic effects similar to LSD, but it also destroys 5-HT synapses.
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Caffeine
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affects brain function by (1) altering blood flow - slight increase in heart rate but also constricts blood vessels to the brain thus decreasing blood flow to the brain; and (2) it interferes with the neurotransmitter adenosine. Adenosine normally acts at presynaptic receptors and inhibits the release of glutamate and dopamine; thus, caffeine increases the release of glutamate and dopamine. Indirectly.
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