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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Method of action of Cocain
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Inhibits DAT and dopaime reuptake
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Amphetamine method of action
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inhibits the VMAT which increases cytoplasmic levels of Dopamine which reverses the DT
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Cocaine and Amphetamines metabolite
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benzoylecgonine
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How long is the product visible in the urine
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36 hrs
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What does an overdose of cocaine and amphetamine
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dilated pupils, tachycardia, chest pain, hypertension, seizures, bugs crawling on my skin
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Withdrawal symptoms of cocaine and amphetamine
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fatigue, depression, cramps, sweating, hunger cravings
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Treatment for withdrawal of cocaine and amphetamines
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bromocriptine which is a dopamine antagonist
lorazepam for the agitation |
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Addiction treatment
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nothing unforunately
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Downsides of amphetamine
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directly toxic to DA/5HT neurons
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Method of action of Opiods
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inhibit Gabaergic internuerons (inhibit the inhibitors) in the VTA b acting on u opioid receptors disinhibit the meolimbic DA system increase DA at the nucleus accumbens
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Metabolism of heroin
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Pro-drug converted to 6-monoacetylmorphine which is metabolized by esterases throughout the body to morphine
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Witdrawal time frame
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begins 12 hours after last does,
peaks 1.5-3 days over by 5-7 or can last for weeks |
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Heroin overdose symptoms
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loss of consciousness, respiratory depression, miosis, bradycardia, hypotension, pulmonary edema
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Treatment of heroin overdose
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naloxone- u opiod antagonist
shorter action so redose if necessar |
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Withdrawal of heroin
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bad but not life threatening
lacrimation rhinorrhea yawning goosebumps, involuntary movements diarrhea high fever mydriasis sweating |
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Treatment of Heroin Withdrawl
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methadone- uopioid receptor agonist
using this helps diminish effects felt from heroin and prevents withdrawal symptoms * must be given at a clinic controlled every single day |
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Withdrawal of heroin option 2
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good for addiction not dependence partial u opioid receptor agonist high affinity slow to dissociate so get less withdrawal
*if you give before withdrawal signs you may get rapid displacement of full agonist and this can intesnify withrdral symptoms |
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Method of action of Marijuana
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THC is teh active constituent which acts on CB1 receptors inhibiting gaba interneurons in the VTA disinhibition of dopamine system
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Effects of Marijuana
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increased appetite, increased heart rate, dry mouth, injection of the cornea
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adverse effects
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paranoia, amotivation, personaliyt changes, cognitive deficits
gate way drug |
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Method of action of alcohol
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1. increases GABA inhibits glutamate chronic exposure leads to decreased gaba receptors and increased NMDA gluatamte receptors
2. indirectly increases teh mesolimbc dopamine azis and turns on opiod receptors |
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Type A dependence
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milder
lage onset older than 25 fe familial alcohol ependency slower disease progression important environmental infuence minimal criminality |
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Type B depedence
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much more severe
early onset paternal inheritance patter little environmental influence frequent criminality frequent presence of personality disorder |
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Treatment Stage 1
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Identification- obtain history of family abuse, cage questions, evaluate tolerance and epednecne, determine if patient wants to abstain
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Treatment Stage 2
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Detox - benzodiazepines
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Mild Alcohol withdrawal symptoms
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agitation, anxiety, insomnea, nausea
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Severe symptoms of alcohol withdrawl
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autonomic hyperactivity, seizures, delerium tremens
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Delerium Tremens
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confusion disorientation, visual hallucinations, movement of extremities autonomic instability
* can cause sudden death |
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Stage 3 of acohol treatent
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rehab_ life with out alcohol
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Dislfriram
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inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase causing increased nausea dizziness and headach, decreased desire to drink
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Naltrexone
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opiod antagonist dont combine with disulfiram because both are hepatotoxic
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Acamprosate
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best drug for treatment of dependence, restores balance bewteen inhibition and excitemnt of neurons
*contraindicated in renal failure |
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Stage 4 of alcohol treatment
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aftercare- AA family support
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Mechanism of action of Benzodiazepines
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indirect agonists of the GABA recetpor
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Withdrawal from benzdiazepines
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anziety, agitation, increased sinsitivity to light, mm cramps, sleep problems, dizziness,
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Treatment of withdrawal from benzos
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diazepam (benzo with a long half life) gradually taper off
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Nicotene mechanism
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agonist of the NACHR receptor i
stimulates dopamine neurons in teh VTA increases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens |
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treatment of nicoteine withdrawal
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varenicline (Chantrix) partial agonist of nAChR with a greater affinity than nicotine reduces reward for cigarette smoking and reduces cravings/withdrawal symptoms
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Hallucinogens mechanism of action
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*do not produce addiction or dependence
activate teh 5HT2A receptors in the fronal cortex |
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Symptoms
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hallucinatinos, living nightmares
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treatment for hallucinogens
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diazepam for non psychotic symptoms, for [psychotic symptoms use anti psychotics
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