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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parkinsons affects the _____ system of motor neurons.
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Extrapyramidal
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Parkinsons has a lack of the neurotransmitter _______ whose actions are _______. (inhibitory/excitatory)
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Dopamine
Inhibitory |
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Acetylcholine excess stimulates excess GABA activity (inhibitory) in Parkinson's Disease.
T or F |
True
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What two drugs are used in Parkinson's Disease?
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Dopaminergic agonists
Acetylcholine antagonists |
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Levodopa is a _______.
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Dopaminergic agent
Promotes synthesis of dopamine |
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Levodopa is active following uptake.
T or F |
False
Levodopa is a pro-drug |
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What are the adverse side effects of levodopa?
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Dyskinesia (movement disorders)
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What foods should be avoided on levodopa?
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High Protein Content Foods
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What drug is used with Levodopa to enhance drug absorption?
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Carbidopa
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What does Carbidopa do?
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Inhibits loss of levodopa in the periphery by enzyme decarboxylation
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Pramipexole is a _______.
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Nonergot Dopamine Agonist
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What is the dopamine agonist used in Parkinson's Disease?
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Pramipexole; First-line Drug
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Entacapone is a _____.
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COMT Inhibitor
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What is the prototype COMT inhibitor?
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Entacapone
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What does entacapone do?
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Used in combination with levadopa to inhibit COMT metabolism; Enhances levodopa
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What is Selegiline?
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MAO-B inhibitor
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What does MAO-B do?
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Inactivates Dopamine; Breakdown of dopamine in brain.
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What is the prototype of a MAO-B inhibitor?
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Selegiline
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AD is marked by _____.
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Neural Degeneration, Neuritic Plaques, Neurofibrillary Tangles
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AD has a decrease of ______ an important neurotransmitter in the formation of memories.
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Acetylcholine
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What are the typical drugs given to AD patients?
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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What is the most common cholinesterase inhibitor given to AD patients?
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Donepezil
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Memantine is a _____.
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NMDA receptor antagonist
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What is the prototype for NMDA receptor antagonist?
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Memantine
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What causes MS?
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Autoimmune inflammation and myelin destruction in CNS only
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What are the 4 subtypes of MS?
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Relapse-remitting
Secondary Progressive Primary Progressive Progressive-Relapsing |
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What drugs are used in MS?
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Immunomodulators
Symptom Treatment |
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Interferon Beta is _____.
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Immunomodulatory drug used in MS
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What is the prototype immunomodulatory drug in MS?
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Interferon Beta
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What are the adverse effects of Interferon Beta?
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Flu-like Reactions
Myelosupression |
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What is Glatiramer Acetate?
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Drug similar to myelin protein to protect myelin
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What is the adverse effects of Glatiramer Acetate?
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Chest Pain
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Mitoxantrone is a ______ used in MS.
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immunosupressant
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What is the prototype immunosupressant in MS?
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Mitoxantrone
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Epilepsy is caused by high frequency discharges from a ____.
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Focus
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What are the mechanisms of AEDs?
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Suppression of Sodium Influx
Suppression of Calcium Influx Antagonism of Glutamate Potentiating of GABA |
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Phenytonin is a ______.
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Selective inhibition of sodium channels; Used in epilepsy
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What is the prototype drug of sodium channel inhibition?
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Phenytonin
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Phenytonin has a (high/low) therapeutic index.
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Low; Highly Toxic
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What are the adverse effects of phenytonin?
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Nystagmus
Fetal Harm |
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What is a prototype drug for epilepsy with inhibition of sodium channels not for absence seizures?
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Carbamazepine
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What is the prototype drug most widely used in all seizures?
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Valproic Acid
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What is the most severe effect of carbamazepine?
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Blood count abnormalities
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What drug potentates the effects of GABA?
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Phenobarbital
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Phenobarbital can cause lethargy and depression.
T or F |
True
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Baclofen is a ______.
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GABA agonist
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What is the prototype drug used for spasitcity?
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Baclofen
Diazepam |
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Diazepam is a _________.
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GABA agonist
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Both Diazepam and Baclofen can cause CNS sedation.
T or F |
True
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Dantrolene is used for ____ .
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Muscle spasticity
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Dantrolene is a _____.
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Calcium reducer in skeletal muscle
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