Drugs For Diabetes

Front 1

What is the general tx of DM I?

Back 1

1. Insulin replacement tx

2. Dietary control

Front 2

What is the general tx of type II DM?

Back 2

1. Diet and exercise

2. Oral hypoglycemic drugs

3. Insulin

Front 3

What is the dietary plan for type I DM?

Back 3

1. Still need carbs

2. Low in saturated fat and cholesterol

Front 4

What happens in gestational diabetes?

Back 4

1. Placenta makes hormones that antagonize insulin

2. **Cortisol increases during pregnancy, promoting hyperglycemia

Front 5

How do you tx gestational diabetes?

Back 5

1. Monitor glucose

2. Diet

3. Insulin tx

Front 6

What are the short-duration rapid-acting insulin preparations?

Back 6

1. Insulin lispro

2. Insulin Aspart

3. Insulin Glulisine

4. Afrezza

Front 7

How is short-duration rapid-acting insulin administered?

Back 7

1. SubQ or inhaled with meals

Front 8

What is the MOA of short-duration rapid-acting insulin?

Back 8

1. Prevent post-prandial rise in blood glucose

Front 9

What is the short duration slower-acting insulin preparation?

Back 9

1. Regular human insulin

Front 10

How is short duration slower-acting insulin administered?

Back 10

1. Injected or inhaled before meals

Front 11

What is the purpose of short duration slower-acting insulin?

Back 11

1. Provide basal glycemic control

Front 12

What are the intermediate duration insulins?

Back 12

1. NPH Insulin

2. Insulin Detemir

Front 13

What is the absorption of NPH insulin?

Back 13

1. Slow-- conjugated with protamine

2. Longer duraiton

Front 14

What intermediate duration insulin is suitable for mixing with short duration insulin?

Back 14

1. NPH insulin

Front 15

To what is insulin detemir conjugated?

Back 15

1. FA-- slower absorption

2. Longer duration than NPH

Front 16

What are the long duration insulin preparations?

Back 16

1. Insuline glargine (Lantus)

2. Modified insulin

Front 17

What is the most-prescribed long-duraiton insulin?

Back 17

1. Insulin glargine

Front 18

What is pramlintide?

Back 18

1. Amylin mimetic

Front 19

What is the MOA of pramlintide?

Back 19

1. Reduce postprandial glucose

2. Reduce gastric emptying

3. Suppress glucagon secretion

Front 20

What is the MOA of metformin (biguanides)?

Back 20

1. Inhibit gluconeogenesis

2. Increase muscle glucose uptake

Front 21

What is the MOA of sulfonylureas (Tolbutamide)?

Back 21

1. Enhance pancreatic insulin release

2. Block ATP-sensitive K channels

3. Cause membrane depolarizaiton

4. Ca influx induces insulin release

Front 22

What is the MOA of meglitamides (Repaglinide)?

Back 22

1. Enhances pancreatic insulin release

2. Blocks ATP-sensitive K channels

Front 23

What is the MOA of thiazolidinediones?

Back 23

1. Enhance insulin sensitivity

2. Activates PPAR-y

Front 24

What is the MOA of a-glucosidase inhibitors?

Back 24

1. Delay absorption of carbohydrates form the intestine

Front 25

What ist he MOA of DPP-4 inhibitors?

Back 25

1. Inhibit degradation of incretins

Front 26

What are the indications for metformin?

Back 26

1. Type 2 DM

2. NOT APPROVED FOR PRE-DIABETES

Front 27

What drug is used for type 1 and type 2 DM?

Back 27

1. Pramlintide

Front 28

What is the precaution of metformin?

Back 28

1. Can be nehprotoxic

Front 29

What is the safest DM 2 drug?

Back 29

1. Metformin---- does not cause hypoglycemia

Front 30

Of what drug interactions should you be aware with sulfonylureas?

Back 30

1. Intensify hypoglycemic effect--

2. NSAIDs, certain antibiotics

3. Ethanol

4. BB

Front 31

What is the meglitamide drug?

Back 31

1. Repaglinide

Front 32

What drug inhibits the metabolism of repaglinide?

Back 32

1. Gemfibrozil--- use fenofibrate instead

Front 33

What are the thiazolidinediones?

Back 33

1. Rosiglitazone

2. Pioglitazone

Front 34

Why has the thiazolidinedione rx rate dropped?

Back 34

1. Rosiglitazone may be associated with MI

Front 35

What is the a-glucosidase inhibitor?

Back 35

1. Acarbose

Front 36

What drugs should not be used with acarbose?

Back 36

1. Metformin

Front 37

What are the DDP-4 inhibitors?

Back 37

1. Sitagliptin phosphate

2. Saxagliptin

3. Alogliptin

4. Linagliptin

Front 38

What is the MOA of DDP-4 inhibitors?

Back 38

1. Inhibits inactivation of incretin hormones, which increase insulin secretion

Front 39

What are the SGLT2 inhibitors?

Back 39

1. Canagliflozin

2. Dapagliflozin

3. Empagliflozin

Front 40

What s the MOA of SGLT2 inhibitors?

Back 40

1. Na-glucose co-transporters are blocked, reducing glucose reabsorption

Front 41

What is bromocriptine?

Back 41

1. Doapmine agonist

2. Used to tx type 2 DM

Front 42

What is the MOA of bromocriptine?

Back 42

1. Does not affect insulin levels

2. May prevent insulin resistance

3. May decrease glucose production

4. ACTUAL MOA UNKOWN

Front 43

What drugs can be used in combination to tx DM 2?

Back 43

1. Glyburide/metformin

2. Glipizide/metformin

3. Rosiglitazone/metformin

Front 44

What is the contraindication for metformin?

Back 44

1. Renal failure

Front 45

What is the tx sequence for DM 2?

Back 45

1. Lifestyle

2. Metformin

3. Two oral hypoglycemic drugs+metformin

4. Three oral hypoglycemic drugs

5. Oral hypoglycemic drugs+insulin

Front 46

How do you tx insulin overdose/hypoglycemia?

Back 46

1. Dextrose

2. Glucagon

Front 47

How do you tx DKA?

Back 47

1. Insulin replacement

2. Hydration

3. IV saline

Front 48

What is the sulfonylurea drug?

Back 48

1. Tolbutamide

Front 49

What are the thiazolidinediones?

Back 49

1. Rosiglitazone

2. Pioglitazone?