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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fermentation
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process of converting natural sugars into ethylalcohol by the action of yeasts
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What percent of alcohol does fermentation produce?
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12-14%
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distillaiton
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fermented liquid is boiled and cooled, the condensed product contains higher alcoholic concentration than before
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What percent of alcohol does distillation produce?
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40-50%
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How much wine is equal to 1/2 oz of alcohol?
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5 oz. of wine
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How much beer is equal to 1/2 oz of alcohol
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12 oz of beer
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How much of a wine cooler is equal to 1/2 oz of alcohol?
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12 oz of wine cooler
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How much of a shot is equal to 1/2 oz of alcohol?
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one shot (1.5)
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alcohol dehydrogenase
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enzyme that breaks downs alcohol into acetaldehyde in stomach and liver
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BAC depends on:
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1) amount consumed
2) body size 3) food in stomach |
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BAC
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number of grams of alcohol in blood relative to 100 mm of blood
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Body's protection against alcohol (2)
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1) pass out
2) throw up |
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Physical Effects of Alcohol (4)
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1) heat loss
2) urination 3) drug interactions 4) increase violence and agression |
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Moderate Drinking
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men- no more than 2 a day
women- no more than 1 a day |
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fatty liver
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-abnormal amount of fatty deposits in cells
-effect of alcohol |
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alcohol hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
-effect of alcohol |
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alcohol cirrhosis
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progressive development of scar tissue which chokes blood vessels in liver
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mental effects of alcohol (2)
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1) dementia
2) wernicke-korsakoff syndrome |
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Naltrexone
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reduces craving by releasing dopamine
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Disulfiram
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causes aversive effect when drug is consumed
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effects of surgeon general's report (3)
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1) decrease in cig. consumption
2) change in types of cigarettes 3) direct response from CO |
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Who were the first users of tobacco?
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Native Americans
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When was tobacco introduced to Europe?
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1506
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Types of Tobacco (4)
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1) snuffing
2) chewing 3) cigars 4) cigarettes |
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18th amendment
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no sale or production of alcohol
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proof
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2 times the alcohol %
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factors effecting BAC
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1) body metabolism
2) fatty foods slow digestion 3) larger body size 4) amount of alcohol consumed |
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10% of drinker consume_______ of the alcohol in the US.
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50%
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sedatives
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downers
1) relieve tension 2) calm agitated people 3) sleep aid 4) produce consciousness for surgery |
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Barbituates
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-sedative
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barbituates
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derived from barbituric acid, downer, all end in AL, schedule 1
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types of barbituates
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1) short acting
2) intermediate acting 3) long acting |
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phenobarbital
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a barbituate, long acting, long half life
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cocaine
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stimulant drug, enhances dopamine
derived from cocoa leave |
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opium
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downers, narcotics, reduce feelings of pain
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laudanum
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opium + alcohol
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ingredients of opium (3)
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1) heroine
2) morphine 3) thebaine |
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codeine
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ingredient of opium, used to treat couging
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heroin
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in morphine, 3X as strong as morphine
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black tar
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form of heroin, mexico, brownish in color
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oxycontin
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used to treat chronic pain, narcotic, highly abused
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methadone
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synthetic opiate used to detox heroin addicts
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naloxone
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opiate antagonist for ODS
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naltrexone
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opiate antagonist for opiate prevention
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3 types of major stimulants
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1) caffeine
2) cocaine 3) amphetamine |
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methylanthines
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1) theobromine
2) theophylline 3) caffeine found in coffee, tea, chocolate |
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theobromine
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caffeine found in cocoa
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theophylline
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caffeine found in tea
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what is a drug dose of caffeine?
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750 mg
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ritalin
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stimulant, used for hyperactive kids
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smokeless tobacco
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snuff, chew
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belladonna
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plant, all parts posionous
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Adolf von Bayer
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chemist who created barbituric acid
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phenobarbital
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long acting barbituate
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amobarbital
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intermediate barbituate
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pentobarbital
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short acting barbituate
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methaqualone
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nonbarbituate sedative hypnotic
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benzodiazepines
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more tranquilizing effect than barbituates, absorbed slower, higher level of safety
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methylxanthines
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family of CNS stimulants which contain caffeine
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theobromine
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stimulant found in chocolate
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theophylline
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stimulant found in tea
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how much caffeine is in a cup of coffee?
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100 mg
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how much caffeine is in a cup of tea?
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60 mg
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how much caffeine is in chocolate?
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1 oz of chocolate---10 mg
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what is the oldest caffeine containing beverage?
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tea
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caffeine's effect on the body
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1) dilates blood
2) increase heart rate 3) blocks effects of adenosine |
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types of smokeless tobacco
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snuff
chew |
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SSRIs
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selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
-used for depression and anxiety -increases serotonin |
