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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of drug is Warfarin (Coumadin) and what does it treat?
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is an anticoagulant used to treat and prevent blood clots
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What type of drug contains the stem -parin or -arin in the word?
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anticoagulants
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What type of drug is Clopidogrel (Plavix) and what does it treat?
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is an antiplatelet agent used to reduce the risk of stroke or heart attack in patients where plaque deposits in arterial walls obstructing blood flow.
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What type of drug is Heparin and what are its uses?
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Anticoagulant that prevents formation or extensions of blood clots
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What do anticoagulant drugs do?
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Interfere with the clotting cascade and prolong blood clotting time.
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What type of drug is Enoxaparin (Levenox)?
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a heparin derivative, anticoagulant
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What type of drug is Daleparin (Fragmin)?
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a heparin derivative, anticoagulant
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What is Protamine Sulfate?
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a heparin antidote
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Coagulation requires ____ for synthesis.
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Vitamin K
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What are anticoagulants?
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substances that keep blood from clotting
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What is the mechanism of action of Heparin?
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Helps antithrombin inactivate clotting factors
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What is the treatment of Warfarin overdose/toxicity?
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Vitamin K
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What are the adverse effects of Aspirin?
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GI Bleeding
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The prototype parenteral anticoagulant is ______.
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Heparin
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The prototype oral anticoagulant is ______.
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Warfarin
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The prototype for the antiplatelets is _______.
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Clopidogrel (Plavix)
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What type of drug is Aspirin?
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an antiplatelet drug and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
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What are antiplatelet drugs?
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drugs that prevent platelet aggregation (Platelet aggregation inhibitors)
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What are platelets?
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fragmented cells that aid in forming blood clots.
A damaged blood vessel wall is covered by a platelet- and fibrin-containing clot to stop bleeding and begin repair. |
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What type of drug is Warfarin and what are its uses?
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an anticoagulant used to complete treatment with heparin after clot formation
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What type of drug is Clopidogrel (Plavix)?
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an antiplatelet drug with vasodilating properties
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What type of drug is Dipyridamole (Persantine)?
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primarily a coronary vasodilator, with antiplatelet effects.
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How do thrombolytic drugs work?
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they assist in breaking down formed blood clots
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What do thrombolytic drugs treat?
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Acute MI (myocardial infarctions), pulmonary embolism, or stroke (due to blood clotting)
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The prototype thrombolytic drug is ______.
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Alteplase (Activase)
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What is the difference between anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs?
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Anticoagulants do not break down existing clots; they prevent coagulation (blood clots from forming).
Antiplatelet prevent platelet aggregation and inhibits thrombus (clot) formation. They are effective in the arterial circulation, where anticoagulants have little effect. |
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What is Folic Acid used to treat?
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is a vitamin used to treat or prevent certain types of anemia due to folic acid deficiency
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Ferrous Sulfate
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Anemia
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What is Iron Dextran used to treat?
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Anemia
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What is Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) used to treat?
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Anemia
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What are Leucovorin, and Epoetin Alfa used to treat?
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Anemia
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What are three causes of Anemia?
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folic acid deficiency, iron deficiency, or bone marrow failure.
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Urokinase (Abbokinase)
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Thrombolytic agent
An enzyme in human urine that catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and is used in medicine to dissolve blood clots. |
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Streptokinase (Streptase)
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Thrombolytic agent
A proteolytic enzyme that is produced by (bacterial destruction of red blood cells), is capable of converting plasminogen to plasmin, and is used medically to dissolve blood clots. |
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What type of drug usually has the stem -kinase in its drug names?
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Thrombolytic agents
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What are the therapeutic uses of Filgrastim (Neupogen)?
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Filgrastim is used to treat neutropenia (a low number of neutrophils/white blood cells), stimulating the bone marrow to increase production.
Causes of neutropenia include chemotherapy (cancer) and bone marrow transplantation. |
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What is a neurophil?
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an abundant type of granular white blood cell that is highly destructive of microorganisms.
Neutrophils contain enzymes that kill the bacteria in the bloodstream when bacteria are ingested by the neutrophil. |
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Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are also called:
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growth factors that stimulate the production of new blood cells (usually white blood cells)
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