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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychoactive drugs |
drugs that affect feeling, thoughts, perceptions and behaviors
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illicit drugs |
drugs whose manufacture, sale, or possession is illegal |
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licit drugs |
drugs whose manufacture, sale, or possession is legal |
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drug dependance |
condition in which an individual feels a compulsive need to continue to take a drug. in the process, the drug assumes an increasingly central role in the individuals life. |
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drug |
a chemical substance that, when taken into the body, alters the structure or functioning of the body in some way, excluding those nutrients considered to be related to normal functioning |
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instrumental use |
referring to the motivation of a drug user who takes the drug for a specific purpose other than getting high |
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recreational use |
referring to the motivation of a drug user who takes the drug only to get high or achieve some pleasurable effect. |
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drug misuse |
drug-taking behavior in which a prescription or over the counter drug is used inappropriately |
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drug abuse |
drug taking behavior resulting in some form of physical, mental, or social impairment |
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shamanism |
the philosophy and practice of healing in which diagnosis or treatment is based on trancelike states, on the part of either the healer or the patient |
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shaman |
a healer whose diagnoses or treatment of patients is based at least in part on trances. these trances are frequently induced by hallucinogenic drugs |
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ebers papyrus |
an Egyptian document dated approximately 1500 bc containing more than 800 prescription for common ailments and diseases |
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placebo effect |
any change in a persons condition after taking a drug, based solely on that persons beliefs about the drug rather than on any physical effects of the drugs |
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patent medicine |
historically, a drug or combination of drugs sold through peddlers, shop, or mail-order advertisements |
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chlorpromazine |
an antipsychotics drug. brand name is thorazine |
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neuroscience |
the scientific study of the nervous system, undertaken as a collaborative effect among researchers from many scientific disciplines |
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risk factor |
factors in an individuals life that increase the likelihood of involvement with drugs |
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protective factors |
factors in an individuals life that decrease the likelihood of involvement with drugs and reduce the impact that any risk factor might have. |
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toxicity |
the physical or psychological harm that a drug might present the user |
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dose |
the quantity of drug that is taken into the body, typically measured in terms of mg or micrograms |
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acute toxicity |
the physical or psychological harm a drug might present to the user immediately or soon after the drug is ingested into the body |
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dose response curve |
an s-shaped graphshowing the increasing probability of a certain drug effect as the drug effect as the dose level rises |
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effective dose |
the minimal dose of a particular necessary to produce the intended drug effect in a given percentage of the population |
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lethal dose |
the minimal dose of a particular drug capable of producing death in a given percentage of the population |
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therapeutic index |
a measure of a drugs relative safety for use, computed as the ratio of the lethal dose for 0 percent of the population to the effective dose for 50 percent of the population |
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margin of saftey |
the ratio of a lethal dose for 1 percent of the population to the effective dose for 99 percent of the population |
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drug abuse warning network DAWN |
a federal program in which metropolitan hospitals report the incidence of drug related lethal and nonlethal emergency's |
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drug related ed visit |
an occasion on which a person visits an emergency department for a purpose that is related to recent drug use |
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polydrug use |
drug taking behavior involving multiple drugs |
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tolerance |
the capacity of a drug to produce a gradually diminished physical or psychological effect upon repeated administrations of the drug at the same dose level |
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behavioral tolerance |
the process of drug tolerance that is linked to drug taking behavior occurring consistently in the same surroundings or under the same cirumstances. also known as conditioned tolerance |
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physical dependence |
a model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser continues the drug taking behavior to avoid the consequential of physical withdrawal symptoms |
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psychological dependence |
a model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser is motivated by a craving for the pleasurable effects of the drug |
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catheter |
a device to deliver intravenous injections of a drug in a free moving human or animal |
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substance abuse |
a diagnostic term used in the DSM-IC-TR for clinical psychologists, physiatrists and other healthcare professionals to identify an individual who continues to use drugs despite the fact the drug taking behavior creates specific problems for that indivdual |
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substance dependence |
a diagnostic term used in the DSM-IC-TR for clinical psychologists, physiatrists and other healthcare professionals to identify an individual with significant signs of a dependent relationship with a psychoactive drug |
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substance use disorder |
a diagnostic term used in DSM-5 for clinical psychologists to identify an individual with a significant problems that are associated with drug taking behaviors |
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pharmacological violence |
violent acts committed while under the influence of a particular psychoactive drug, with the implication that the drug caused the violence to occur |
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economically compulsive violence |
violent acts that are committed by a drug abuser to secure money to buy drugs |
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systematic violence |
violence that arises from the traditionally aggressive patterns of behavior within a network of illicit drug trafficking and distribution |
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laissez-faire |
the philosophy of exerting as little government control and regulation as possible |
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intravenous |
into a vein |
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intramuscular |
into a muscle |
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subcutaneous |
underneath the skin |
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intranasal |
into the nose |
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sublingal |
under the tounge |
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transdermal patch |
a device that allows a drug to be absorbed through the skin |
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biotransformation |
the process of changing the molecular structure of a drug into forms that make it easier for the body to descrete it |
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metabbolite |
a byproduct resulting from the biotransformation process |
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elimination halflife |
the length of time it takes for a drug to be reduced to 50% of its equilibrium level in the blood stream |
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latency period |
an interval of time during which the blood levels of a drug are not yet sufficient for a drug effect to be observed |
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synergism |
the property if a drug interaction in which the combination effect of two drugs exceeds the effect of either drug administered alone |
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potentiation |
the property of a synergistic drug interaction in which one drug combined with another drug produces an enhanced effect when one of the drugs alone would of had no effect |
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cross tolernce |
a phenomenon in which the tolerance that results from the chronic use of one drug induces a tolerance effect with regard to a second drug that has not been used before |
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cross dependence |
a phenomenon in which one drug can be used to reduce the withdrawal symptoms following the discontinuance of another drug |
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central nervous system |
the portion of the nervous system that consist of the spinal cord and the brain |
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peripheral nervous system |
the portion of the nervous system that consist of nerves and nerve fibers that carry info to the central nervous system and outward to muscles and glands |
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sympathitic branch |
controls bodily changes that deal with stressful of emergency situations |
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parasympathetic branch |
bodily changes that lead to increased nurturance, rest, and matienance |
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neuron |
the specialized cell in the nervous system designed to receive and transmit info |
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cerebral cortex |
the portion of the forebrain devoted to a high level of information processing |
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synapse |
the juncture between neurons. it consists of a synaptic knob, the intervening gap, and receptor sites on a receiving neuron |
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neurontransmitter |
a chemical substance that a neuron uses to communicate info at the synapse |
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reuptake |
the process by which a neurotransmitter returns from the receptor site to the synaptic knob |
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acetylcholine |
a neurotransmitter active in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system, cerebral cortex and peripheral somatic nerves |
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norepinephrine |
a neurotransmitter active in the sympathetic autonomic nervous system and in many regions of the brain |
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dopamine |
a neurotransmitter in the brain whose activity is related to emotionality and motor control |
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serotonin |
a neurotransmitter in the brain whose activity is related to emotionality and sleep paterns |
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GABA |
an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. antianxiety drugs |
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glutamate |
an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. glutamate recepotors are associated with PCP, Ketamine and with feelings of drug cravings |
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endorphins |
a class of chemical substances produced in the brain and elsewhere in the body, that mimic the effects of morphin and other opiod drugs |
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blood-brain barrier |
a system whereby some substances in the bloodstream are excluded from entering the nervous system |
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endocannabinoids |
brain-produced chemical that mimic the effect of the active ingredients in marijuana and other cannabis products |
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nucleus accumbens |
a region in the limbic system of the brain considered to be responsible for the rewarding effects of several drugs of abuse |
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cocaine |
an extremely potent and dependence producing stimulant drug |
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formication |
hallucinatory behavior produced by chronic cocaine or amphetamine abuse, in which the invdivual feels insects or snakes crawling either over or under the skin |
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cocaine psychosis |
a set of symptoms, including hallucinations, paranoia, and disordered thinking, produces by chronic use of cocaine |
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kindling effect |
a phenomenon in the brain that produces a heightened sensitivity to repeated administrations of some drugs, such as cocaine. this heightened sensitivity is the opposite if the phenomenon of tolernce |
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cocaine hydrochloride |
the form of cocaine that is inhaled or snorted or injected into the blood stream |
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free base cocaine |
a smokable form of cocaine |
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crack |
a smokable form of cocaine |
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d-amphetamine |
potent form of amphetamine |
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methamphetamine |
a type of amphetamine once marketed under the brand name methedrine. meth speed crank |
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amphetimine |
a family of ephedrine based stimulant drugs |
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amphetamine psychosis |
a set of symptoms, including hallucinations, paranoia, and disordered thinking, resulting from high doses of amphetimines |
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ice |
smokable form of meth/ crystal meth |
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opioids |
drugs with analgesic(pain reducing) that act in the brain like opium |
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narcotics |
a general term technically referring to opiate-related or opiate-derived drugs. often mistaken as other illict drug categories |
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opium |
an analgesic and euphoria drug acquired from the dried juice of the opium poppy |
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morphine |
the major active ingredient in opium |
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codeine |
one of the three active ingredients in opium, used primarily to treat coughing |
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thebaine |
one of three active ingredients in opium |
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heroin |
a chemical derivative of morphine. it is approximately three times as potent as morphine and a major drug of abuse |
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black tar |
a potent form of heroin, generally brownish in color, originating in mexico |
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fentanyl |
a chemical derrivitive of thebaine, used as a prescription pain killer. white china |
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naloxne |
a pure antagonist for morphine and other opioid drugs. narcan |
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chipping |
taking of heroin on an occasional bases |
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detoxification |
the process of drug withdrawl in which the body is allowed to rid itself of the chemical effects of the drug in the bloodstream |
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propoxyphene |
a synthetic opioid useful in reducing pain |
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methadone |
a synthetic opioid useful in treating heroin abuse |
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methodone maintenance |
a treatment program for heroin abusers reduce H for M |
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LAAM |
synthetic narcotic drug used to treat heroin abuse |
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buprenophine |
synthetic narcotic drug used to treat heroin abuse |
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therapeutic communities |
living environments for individuals in treatment for heroin and other drug abuse, where they learn social and psychological skills needed to lead a drug free life |
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multimodality programs |
treatment programs in which a combo of detox, psychotherapy and group support is implemented |
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antitussive |
having an effect that controls coughing |
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dextromethophran |
a popular non-narcotic ingredient used in over the counter cough remedies. the DM designation |
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oxycontin |
a controlled-release form of oxycodone, used in treatment of chronic pain |
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LSD |
a synthetic, serotonin related hallucinogenic drug |
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hallucinogens |
a class of drugs producing distortions in perception and body image at moderate doses |
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ergot |
a fungus infecting rye and other grains |
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ergotism |
a physical and or psychological disorder acquired by ingesting ergot-infested grains |
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synesthesia |
a subjective sensation in a modality other than the one being stimulated. an example is a visual experience when a sound is heard |
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psilocybin |
a serotonin related hallucinogenic drug originating from a species of mushroom |
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psilocin |
a brain chemical related to serotonin, resulting from the ingestion of psilocybin |
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bufotenine |
a serotonin-related drug obtained either from a bean plant or a certain type of toad |
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cyanosis |
a tendency for the skin to turn bluish purple. it can be a side effect of the drug bufotenine |
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lysergic acid amide |
a hallucinogenic drug found in morning glory seeds, producing effects similar to LSD |
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dimethyltryptamine |
a short acting hallucinogenic drug |
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harmin |
a serotonin-related hallucinogenic drug frequently used by south American shamans in healing rituals |
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mescaline |
a norepinephrine related hallucinogenic drug. it is the source of the peyote cactus |
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peyote |
a species of catus that is the source for mescaline |
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DOM |
a synthetic norepinephrine-related hallucinogenic drug, derived from amphetamine. DOM or combination of DOM and LSD is referred to STP on da street |
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MDMA |
ecstasy |
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amanita muscaria |
a species of mushroom containing the hallucinogenic drug ibotenic acid |
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atropine |
an anticholinergic hallucinogenic drug derived from atropa belladonna plant |
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scopolamine |
an anticholinergic hallucinogenic drug. hyoscine |
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hyoscyamine |
an anticholinergic drug found in mandrake plants |
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atropa belladonna |
a plant species, also called deadly nightshade, whose berries can be highly toxic. it is the principal source of atropine |
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mandrake |
a potato like plant containing anticholinergic hallucinogenic drugs |
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henbane |
an herb containing anticholinergic hallucinogenic drugs |
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datura stramonium |
a species of the datura family of plants with hallucinogenic properties. plant is called jimson weed |
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PCP |
a dissociative anesthetic hallucinogen that produces disorientation, agitation, aggressive behavior, analgesia, and amnesia. it has various street names including angel dust |
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ketamine |
a dissociative anesthetic hallucinogen related to PCP |
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salvia |
a Mexican leafy herb with short duration hallucinogenic effects |
