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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Barbiturates |
Open Cl- channels w/o GABA (neurotrnzmtr) --> this can cause cells responsible for breathing to stop firing from hyperpolarization Low TI relative to BZD's Increase affinity for GABA-a receptor for GABA |
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Benzodiazepines |
Open Cl- channels w/ GABA (nrotranzmtr) Higher TI than Barbs Same effect of Barbs but cannot open channel on its own |
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GABA receptors |
Respond to GABA, chief inhibitory tranzmtr in vertebrate cns
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GABAa receptors |
ligand-gated/ionotropic receptors |
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GABAb receptors |
G protein-coupled receptors/metabotropic receptors --> They can either stimulate or prevent an ion channel from opening, or they can stimulate or prevent an enzyme's production in the cell membrane |
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Anxiolytics |
Anti-anxiety, enhance GABA transmission Gen 1: MAOI Gen 2: partial agonist, not as dangerous when combined with alcohol or cns depressants, less recreational use, no dependence or withdrawal |
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MAOI |
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor Prevent enzymatic breakdown of monoamines However, because they are in liver, they also Inhibit enzymes needed for liver function (very dangerous to also drink/take depressants) Dangerous to also ingest tyramine b/c toxic if not broken down |
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SSRI |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, also has low affinity for dopamine and noradrenaline Antidepressant also used to treat anxiety Must be taken for awhile to see effects, cannot abruptly end use
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Neuronal adaptation |
Neurons change to accept anti-depressants over time |
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Cytochrome P450 CYP 2E1 |
Class of liver enzymes that break down alcohol in stage I metabolism (into acetaldehyde) as well as other drugs like nicotine, so inhibitors combined with drugs this enzyme has to break down can be dangerous (MEOS)
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4 mechanisms of tolerance |
metabolic (reduced availability) pharmacodynamic (receptor down-regulation) acute (falling levels) behavioral (learning) |
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Wenike-Korsakoff syndrome |
Permanent brain damage significant memory disorder of recent memories Vitamin B can stop but not undo the process Thiamine- Vitamin B, deficiency is caused, need for brain glucose metabolism |
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Effects of alcohol |
Up-regulation of NMDA (glutamate) receptors Down-regulation of GABA-a receptors, where it binds Increases dopamine and endogenous opiod production and release |
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Cannabis |
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol receptors: CB-1 in CNS (cerebellum, c cortex, hippocampus)(becomes down-regulated), CB-2 in bone, fat, GI, immune system reverse receptor metabotropic endogenous: anandamide and 2-AG |
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Cannabis con't |
involves amygdala (conditional emotional response)(connected to hippocampus) |
