Drugs And Behavior Final Exam

Front 1

Drug A produces a maximum effect with a dose of 10 mg. Drug B produces a maximum effect with a dose of 200 mg. Drug A is said to have…

Back 1

Higher Potency

Front 2

Drugs that pass easily through the blood-brain barrier…

Back 2

Dissolve well in lipids

Front 3

The proper order for speed of absorption into the bloodstream (from fastest to slowest) is:

Back 3

Intraveneous injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection

Front 4

(t/f) A drug with an LD 50 of 100 mg, and an ED 50 of 20 mg would
be considered generally safe.

Back 4

FALSE

Front 5

(t/f) A drug will be subjected to the “first pass effect” only if it is administered by intravenous injection.

Back 5

FALSE

Front 6

. The command from the brain to move your arm would be carried by
______________ neurons in the _______________ portion of the peripheral
nervous system.

Back 6

Efferent, Somatic

Front 7

Which statement best describes the flow of information in a neuron?

Back 7

DENDRITES to CELL BODY to AXON to PRESYNPATIC TERMINAL

Front 8

After drinking alcohol, people often have disruptions in balance and motor coordination. What region of the brain would you imagine alcohol acts on to cause these effects?

Back 8

Cerebellum

Front 9

(t/f) Myelination of axons in the central nervous system is an important function of oligodendrocytes?

Back 9

TRUE

Front 10

(t/f) The occipital lobe is involved in processing of auditory information.

Back 10

FALSE

Front 11

Which of the following contribute to the resting membrane potential of neurons?

Back 11

1. Negatively charged proteins inside the neuron
2. Potassium flow through channel leaks
3. The sodium/potassium pump
4. Relative impermeability of of the resting membrane potential

Front 12

At the resting membrane potential, opening of potassium channels would cause…

Back 12

1. Movement of potassium ions out of the cell
2. hyperpolarization

Front 13

(t/f) All ions are in equal concentrations across the membrane of a neuron.

Back 13

FALSE

Front 14

The amount of a drug found in the bloodstream is influenced by…

Back 14

1. the dose of the drug
2. the method of drug delivery
3. oil/water partition coefficient
4. rate of drug metabolism

Front 15

Which of the following is NOT true of withdrawal symptoms?

Back 15

Withdrawal symptoms always occur with psychological dependence

Front 16

Drugs which cause psychological dependence . . .

Back 16

Are said to have reinforcing properties

Front 17

Which of the following statements about tolerance is true?

Back 17

1. Once tolerance develops, high/more frequent doses are required to produce the same effect
2. A person who is tolerant to the effects of cocaine will also be tolerant to the effects of amph.
3. Differential tolerance to a drug is more likely to make the drug more dangerous
4. A person might become tolerant to the desired effect of the drug but not to the side effects

Front 18

The primary reward center of the brain consists of the...

Back 18

dopamine neurons projecting from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens

Front 19

(t/f) An animal must be physically dependent on a drug before it
will self-administer the drug.

Back 19

FALSE

Front 20

(t/f) Down regulation of receptors is a likely pharmacodynamic (physiological) mechanism of tolerance to a drug that acts as an agonist of neurotransmission.

Back 20

TRUE

Front 21

(t/f) Tolerance to all of a drug’s effects always develops at the same rate.

Back 21

FALSE

Front 22

(t/f) The fact that rats will consistently self administer cocaine is evidence of the strong reinforcing properties of the drug

Back 22

TRUE

Front 23

Which of the following statements about tolerance is true?

Back 23

Differential tolerance to a drug's effects are more likely to make it dangerous

Front 24

Which of the following statements about amphetamine and cocaine is NOT
true?

Back 24

Tolerance to cocaine and amphetamine are due to increased synthesis of dopamine in the presynaptic neuron

Front 25

Drugs that are considered to be reinforcing usually cause an increase in

Back 25

DOPAMINE in the NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS

Front 26

The use of cocaine and amphetamine typically results in…

Back 26

STRONG psychological dependence, and MILD physiological dependence

Front 27

Which of the following is a physical (physiological) effect of cocaine?

Back 27

Increased heart rate

Front 28

Amphetamines may help treat ADHD by . . .

Back 28

Stimulating the RAS (Reticular activation system)

Front 29

(t/f) Withdrawal symptoms are usually very similar to the effects of the drug.

Back 29

FALSE

Front 30

(t/f) Cocaine and amphetamine enhance catecholamine transmission by acting as direct dopamine receptor agonists.

Back 30

FALSE

Front 31

The faster cocaine is absorbed, the shorter the duration of action and more intense the high.

Back 31

TRUE

Front 32

Psychostimulants, such as amphetamine and cocaine, exert physiological effects through activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Back 32

TRUE

Front 33

Which of the following is a psychological effect of moderate doses of caffeine?

Back 33

Decreased drowsiness and fatigue

Front 34

Which of the following statements accurately describes withdrawal symptoms?

Back 34

Withdrawal symptoms reflect physical dependence

Front 35

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the effects of caffeine?

Back 35

ALWAYS increases heart rate

Front 36

Which of the following is an effect of nicotine?

Back 36

Activation of acetylholine receptors
Inactivation of acetylholine receptors
decreased appetite
increased attention and vigilance

Front 37

The sites of action of caffeine . . .

Back 37

includes the CEREBRAL CORTEX and the MEDULLA

Front 38

(t/f) Many of the physiological effects of nicotine are due to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Back 38

FALSE

Front 39

(t/f) The faster cocaine is absorbed, the shorter the duration of action and more intense the high.

Back 39

TRUE

Front 40

(t/f) Depletion of dopamine is a mechanism of tolerance to nicotine.

Back 40

FALSE

Front 41

(t/f) Down-regulation of adenosine receptors is a pharmacodynamic mechanism of tolerance to caffeine.

Back 41

FALSE

Front 42

The ascending pain pathway travels up the __________ to transmit pain information from the peripheral nervous system to the brain

Back 42

SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

Front 43

Silent nociceptors respond…

Back 43

Only AFTER injury of inflammation

Front 44

Enkephalins are

Back 44

The preferred opioid of the Delta Receptor

Front 45

Why is heroin more potent than morphine?

Back 45

It is more lipid soluable

Front 46

Medical uses for opiates may include:

Back 46

Relief of severe pain
treatment of acute diarrhea
cough suppressant

Front 47

The effect of opiates to depress breathing is due to:

Back 47

An action on the brainstem (medulla)

Front 48

Tolerance to opiates is mediated by…

Back 48

1. metabolic changes
2. opiate receptor down-regulation
3. Context specific/ behavioral tolerance

Front 49

The reinforcing effects of opiates are due to:

Back 49

reduction in the amount of GABA inhibition of VTA neurons

Front 50

(t/f) During a heroin overdose, a shot of adrenaline to the heart will restart the heart and revive the drug user.

Back 50

FALSE

Front 51

(t/f) Naloxone, opiate receptor antagonist, would be a good treatment to give a patient relief from the worst symptoms of opiate withdrawal.

Back 51

FALSE

Front 52

The hallucinogenic effects of LSD occur due to LSD acting as an…

Back 52

AGONIST at SERATONIN receptor

Front 53

Which of the following statements about MDMA (Ecstasy) is true?

Back 53

1. The psychological effects are mainly positive
2. MDMA has the stimulant properties of amphetamine and the hallucinogenic properties of mescaline
3. MDMA may cause long-term damage of serotonin neurons
4. Death can result from the stimulant effects of MDMA, overheating,
or overdrinking.

Front 54

Which of the following statements about LSD is NOT true?

Back 54

Tolerance to LSD develops slowly

Front 55

Which of the following is a treatment for depression?

Back 55

1. sleep deprivation
2. electro therapy
3. MAO inhibitors
4. serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Front 56

Which of the following is a symptom of mania?

Back 56

Decreased need for sleep

Front 57

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are potentially dangerous because . . .

Back 57

They can cause adverse reactions with certain foods

Front 58

SSRI’s and tricyclic antidepressants work by similar mechanisms except that…

Back 58

SSRIS specifically inhibit serotonin reuptake, while tricyclics inhibit both serotonin and NE reuptake

Front 59

(t/f) The monoamine theory of depression states that mania is caused by a lack of monoamine neurotransmission.

Back 59

false

Front 60

(t/f) The fact that reserpine causes depressive symptoms is evidence in support of the monoamine theory of depression.

Back 60

TRUE

Front 61

Drugs used to treat anxiety enhance the activity of what neurotransmitter system?

Back 61

GABA

Front 62

Which of the following statements about barbiturates is TRUE?

Back 62

Barbituates vary from each other primarily in their onset and their duration of action

Front 63

Which of the following occurs following activation of a GABA receptor?

Back 63

Chloride neurons flow into the atom making it more negative

Front 64

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia states that…

Back 64

Too much dopamine the in cortex

Front 65

What is the primary biochemical effect of antipsychotic drugs?

Back 65

BLOCK dopamine receptors

Front 66

(t/f) Antipsychotic drugs are unlikely to produce psychological dependence.

Back 66

TRUE

Front 67

Drugs used to alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease attempt to enhance cholinergic transmission by…

Back 67

inhibiting the degradation of enzyme acetylcholinesterase

Front 68

What is the primary biochemical effect of antipsychotic drugs?

Back 68

block dopamine receptors

Front 69

. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease?

Back 69

Excess activity in hippocampus

Front 70

Which of the following statements about Parkinson’s disease is true?

Back 70

The pathology of Parkinson's includes Lewy Bodies and mitochondiral dysfunction

Front 71

. Parkinson’s disease is caused by degeneration of neurons in which brain area?

Back 71

Substantial nigra

Front 72

Which of the following statements about dementia is true?

Back 72

Alzheimer's is a major cause of dementia

Front 73

Which of the following changes occurs in the brain of a person with Alzheimer’s disease?

Back 73

Decreased brain weight
enlarged ventricles
atrophy of the cortex
loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis

Front 74

Which of the following dopamine pathways is responsible for the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic drugs?

Back 74

nigrostriatal tract

Front 75

(t/f) The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease appear when only 10% of dopamine-containing neurons are gone.

Back 75

FALSE

Front 76

(t/f) The brains of patients with severe Alzheimer’s disease usually have degeneration of the hippocampus.

Back 76

TRUE