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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neuromuscular junction
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Junction between neuron and muscle fibers where released of acetylcholine by neurons causes muscles to contract
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Alzheimer's disease
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One of the most common forms of senility among the elderly; involves a progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions
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norepinephrine
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A neurotransmitter in the brain that is involved in activity of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system
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dopamine
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A neurotransmitter in the brain that is involved with movement and reward
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serotonin
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A neurotransmitter in the brain that is involved with sleep and mood
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monoamines
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A class of chemicals characterized by a single amine group; includes the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
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Parkinson's disease
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A disease that primarily afflicts the elderly and involves a progressive deterioration of motor control
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L-dopa
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A chemical precursor of dopamine used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
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Blood-brain barrier
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The system that "filters" the blood before it can enter the brain
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Endorphins
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Neurotransmitters in the brain that are mimicked by opiate drugs
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GABA
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Short for gamma-aminobutyric acid; the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
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Glutamate
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An excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter
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anandamide
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A lipid neurotransmitter mimicked by marijuana
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central nervous system (CNS)
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The brain and the spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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Sensory nerves, motor nerves, and the automatic nervous system
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autonomic nervous system (ANS)
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Part of the PNS; has two branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic
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sympathetic branch
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Branch of the ANS that is activated during emotional arousal and is responsible for such physiological changes as increased heart and respiratory rate, increased blood pressure, and pupil dilation
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sympathomimetic
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Drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines that produce the physiological effects of sympathetic activity
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beta-blockers
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Drugs that block beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic system and thus act to relieve high blood pressure
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parasympathetic branch
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Branch of the ANS that is responsible for lowering heart rate and blood pressure
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hindbrain
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The lower part of the brain, including the medulla, pons, and cerebellum
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midbrain
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Part of the brain that includes the inferior and superior colliculi and the substantia nigra
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forebrain
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The largest part of the human brain; includes the cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system
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medulla oblongata
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The lowest hindbrain structure of the brain; important in the regulation of breathing, heart rate, and other basic life functions
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cerebellum
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hindbrain structure important in motor control and coordination
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pons
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hindbrain structure important in the control of sleep and wakefulness
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reticular activating system
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Pathway running through the medulla and pons that regulates alertness and arousal
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basal ganglia
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forebrain structures important for motor control; include the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus
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cortex
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the outermost and largest part of the human brain
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