Drugs- Actions/pharm

Front 1

Adenosine

(Adenocard)
12mg/4ml
6mg/2ml

Back 1

Actions/Pharm: Slows conduction through the AV node, can interrupt the re-entry pathway through the AV and SA node.

Front 2

Albuterol

Back 2

Actions/Pharm:

Beta 2 andrenergic stimulant thus causing relaxtion of the smooth muscles of the bronchial tree, decreasing airway resistance, facillitating mucous drainage and increasing vital capacity.

Front 3

Amiodarone

Back 3

Actions/Pharm:

- acts directly on all cardiac tissues.

- It relaxes vascualr smooth muscle, decreases peripheral vascular resistance, and increases coronary blood flow.

- Also blocks effects of sympathetic stimulation.

Front 4

Aspirin

Back 4

Actions/Pharm:

- Inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking the formation of thromboxane A2 which causes platelets to aggregate and arteries to constrict.

Front 5

Atropine Sulfate

Back 5

Actions/Pharm:

- Anticholernergic agent exerts effect on the PNS by blocking all muscarinic responses to ACH.

- Increases SA node discharge, enhancing conduction through the AV node.

Front 6

Calcium Chloride

Back 6

Actions/Pharm:

Essential regulator for the excitation threshold of nerves and muscles; causes significant increase in Inotropy and ventricular automaticity.

- Antidote for some electroyte imbalances.

Front 7

Dextrose 50%

Back 7

Actions/Pharm: Principal form of glucose (sugar) used by the body to create energy.

Front 8

Digoxin

(Lanoxin, Digitalis)

Back 8

Actions/Pharm:

- Increase Inotropy

- Decreases Chronotropy

- Decreases Chronotropy (AV conduction)

Front 9

Propranol (Inderal)

Back 9

Actions/Pharm:

- Decreases Inotropy, Chronotropy, Dromotropy, & Irratability

(The Big 4!)

Front 10

Diphenhydramine

(Benadryl)

Back 10

Actions/Pharm:

- Competes for H1 receptor sites on effector cells, thus blocking histamine release.

- Its effects in Parkinsonism and drug-included extrapyramidal symptoms (dystonic rx's) are apparently related to its ability to suppress central cholernergic activity.

Front 11

Dopamine

Back 11

Actions/Pharm:

- A naturally occuring neurotransmitter and immediate precursor to norepi.

- Cardiovascular effects occur because of direct action on Alpha and Beta receptors.

- Its positive inotropic effect on the myocardium increases cardiac output (CO).

In low dose: (<5 mcgtt/min) BP is decreased, renal arteries are dilated by increasing glomerular filtration rate thus increasing urinary output.

In moderate dose: (5-10 mcgtt/min) isotropy increased without increasing chronotropy.

In high dose: (>10 mcgtt/min) both inotropy and chronotropy are increased.

Front 12

Epinephrine

(Adrenaline)

Back 12

Actions/Pharm:

- Naturally occuring Catacholamine

- Acts directly on Alpha & Beta adrenergic receptors, it is the most potent activator of Alpha receptors.

Front 13

Glucagon

Back 13

Actions/Pharm:

- A natural hormone produced by Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhan's in the pancreas.

- When released it causes a breakdown of glycogen (stored in the liver) of glucose and inhibits the synthesis of glycogen from glucose.

- Both actions increase the blood levels of glucose

Front 14

Midazolam
(Versed)

Back 14

Actions/Pharm:

- Short acting benzodiazepine w/ CNS depressant, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and anterograde amnesia effects.

- Exact mechanism of action is unclear

- It calms the patient, relaxes skeletal muscles, but has NO effect on pain receptors.

Front 15

Morphine

Back 15

Actions/Pharm:

- Acts on opiate receptors in the brain providing both analgesia and sedation.

- Its vasodilatory effects increase peripheral venous capacitance and reduce venous return.

- This reduces the cardiac workload and decreases myocardial oxygen demand, thus reducing infarction size in acute MI.

Front 16

Nalaxone

(Narcan, Nalone, Evzio and Narcanti)

Back 16

Actions/Pharm:

- Competes for and displaces narcotic molecules from opiate receptors in the brain.

- Reverses respiratory depression associated with overdose of narcotic agents.

Front 17

Nitroglycerin

Back 17

Actions/Pharm:

- An organic nitrate and potent vasodilator w/ anti-anginal & anti-ishcemic & anti-hypertensive effects.

- It relaxes smooth muscle, resulting in dose-related dilation of blood vessels.

- It promotes pooling of blood, reduction of peripheral resistance, and decreased venous return of the heart.

- Both L ventricular preload and afterload are reduced.

- Myocardial oxygen consumption and demand are decreased.

Front 18

Ondansetron

(Zofran)

Back 18

Actions/Pharm: it is a select 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.

- While its mechanism of action has not been fully characterized, Ondansetron is not a dopamine-receptor antagonist.

- Serotonin receptors of the 5-HT3 type are present both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrilly in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area of the medullary strucutre that controls vomiting.

Front 19

Oxygen

Back 19

Actions/Pharm: Tasteless, odorless gas necessary for life.

- Oxygen enters the body via the resp system and is transported to the cells by Hemoglobin.

- Oxygen is required for the breakdown of glucose into a useable energy form.

- Oxygen admin increaces the oxygen conc. in the alveoli which in turn, increases the oxygen saturation of available hemoglobin.

Front 20

Pralidomine

(Generic Name: Prolidoxime)

Back 20

Actions/Pharm:

- Reactives cholinerterase by displacing the enzyme from its receptor site.

- The free enzyme then can resume its function of degrading accumilated ACH, thereby restoring normal neuromuscular transmission.

- Pralidomine also detoxifies some organophosphates by direct chemical Rx.

Front 21

Sodium Bicarbonate

Back 21

Actions/Pharm: Short acting, potent, systemic antacid.

- It immediately raised the pH of blood plasma by buffering excess hydrogen ions.