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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are hyper-proliferative lesions?
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Large growths. Can be cancerous or beging
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True or false: cancer is more common to men?
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True (men's lifestyle tend to cause them to get cancer)
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What is a mutation
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Typo in the gene. Some mutations are more susceptible in an ethnic group.
Some mutations have an effect and others don't. ex. Some Caucasians may have a higher incidence for skin cancer because they're bodies are more sensitive to UV rays |
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What causes cancer
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- Unknown
- Most are self-inflicted (tobacco, diet, obesity, viruses account for 80% of cancers) - Modification of protein p53 (Regulates cell division) |
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What are some carcinogens found in cigarettes?
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- Polonium 210 (inhaled radioactive element)
- Benzopyrene (isn't a carcinogen itself, but reacts as a carcinogen in the body) |
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What foods increase/decrease your risk for cancer?
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Decrease risk
- Fiber: removes carcinogens - Fruits + vegetables - Exercise Increase risk: - Meat/burnt meat (BBQ) - Daily consumption of meat - Excess alcohol consumption - Larger food portions - Being obese - Exposure to UV lights |
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What cancer is due to a virus? What's it's treatment
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- Cervical cancer.
- Gardasil |
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True or false: environmental exposure to pollutants and natural source carcinogens are very dangerous.
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False.
Natural carcinogens are as dangerous as any other kind of exposure. Foods like peanut butter, sesame oil, olive oil, and sand are all carcinogens, but they aren't dangerous unless excessively exposed (dose makes poison) |
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True or false: often X-rays and chemo can increase your risk for cancer?
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True.
(However getting one or two shouldn't have too much of an impact on risk) |
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What is a gene?
What is a codon? What is a ribosome? |
Gene: Set of instructions to make a protein.
Codon: 3 letter words (each codon represents an amino acid) Ribosome: an organelle that allows the translation of amino-acids into proteins. |
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What are benign tumours?
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Tumors that grow at a relatively slow rate. Bening lesions can be dangerous in developing countries
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True or false, most cancers occur after 55?
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True. Cancer is a disease of the aged.
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How many yearly deaths does cancer cause?
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570 thousand deaths in North america (1,500 daily!)
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True or false: cancer rates have diminished since 1990?
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False.
The stabilization of death rates, during the most recent time period may be due, in part, to changes in the classification and coding of causes of death. |
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What are HeLa cells?
H. Lacks |
Uterine cancerous (immortal) cells from Henrietta Lacks. Lacks passed away in 1951, but her cancerous cells are present in labs all over the earth .
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How many years does it take for a cancer to develop?
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20 years (8-10 mutations in the same cell)
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How are cancer cells different from eachother?
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o Every tissue can spawn
o More than 100 forms o Each tumor is unique o Basic processes are similar o Require 8 to 10 mutations to occur in the same cell o Requires 20 years o Never find cure because it is not one disease it is many forms of disease and every tissue can arise a cancer so to cure cancer you need to cure each type |
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How does cancer impact cell division? (hint: accelerator and brakes)
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Cells division is regulated by stimulation (accelerator) and repression (brakes). The cell uses both functions at the same time. When you have a cancer, you loose both these elements.
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True or false: The correlation of cancer with diet and obesity isn't significant^
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False. THe correlation is significant.
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True or false: excess alcohol doesn't impact your risk to develop a cnacer?
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False.
- Excess alcohol increases your risk - Increases risk for cancer and it is general excessive drinkers ( heavy more than 3 drinks a day) Ethyl alcohol -> aclohol dehydrogenase -> acetaldehyde -> acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ->acetic acid |
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True or false: the 5-year survival rate for cancer has increase in the past 40 years?
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True.
5 year survival rate: o 1974-1976: 50 % o 1983-1985 52 % o 1992-1999: 60 % The survival rate for all cancers combined and for certain site-specific cancers have improved significantly since the 1970s, due, in part, to both earlier detection and advances in treatment. |
