Drug Use In Food Animals

Front 1

Guiding motivations of drug use in food animals

Back 1

1) using drugs properly for the proper animals at the proper time
2) protecting the safety of food
3) Serving the clients interestes in operating their business

Front 2

Key Issues of drug use in food animals

Back 2

1) Public Perception
2) Health Issues
3) Changing Food Animal Industry
4) Changing Legal rules
5) Response of the Veterinary Profession

Front 3

Health concerns for drug residue avoidance

Back 3

1) allergic reactions
2) toxic reactions
3) carcinogenesis
4) antibacterial resistance?

Front 4

Changing food animal industry

Back 4

1) continued consolidation (hired labor, emerging diseases)
2) Changing demands of clients
3) changing distribution channels for pharmaceuticals (not only vets)

Front 5

Drug Residue in Milk: surveillance efforts

Back 5

1) test bulk milk tanks for beta-lactam antibiotics
2)spot-testing for other antibiotics and NSAIDS

Front 6

AMDUCA

Back 6

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act
1) established conditions for legal extra-label use of drugs in animals

Front 7

Drugs prohibited in food animals

Back 7

1) chloramphenicol
2) clenbuterol
3) DES
4) nitrofurans
5) sulfonamides in lactating dairy cattle
6) Fluoroquinolones
7) glycopeptides
8) dipyrone

Front 8

Reasons for ineffective mastitis therapy

Back 8

1) change in pathogen prevalence (less s. agalactiae, more G- (sever coliform) follow up after therapy)
2) limited spectrum of antimicrobial products
3) Historical definition of cure rate-- get milk back to normal, NOT eliminate bacteria

Front 9

Neutrophils in the mammary gland

Back 9

1) phagocytize fat, protein
2) lactose...not glucose
3) decreased antibodies
4) fewer lymphocytes

Front 10

Problem cows

Back 10

1) Repeat offenders
2) multiple quarters
3) non-responsive pathogens

Front 11

Mastitis therapy protocols

Back 11

1) case (who to treat)
2) target (where in the cow and how much)
3) therapeutic regimen (how do we get it there?)

Front 12

3 Targets for mastitis therapy

Back 12

1) Milk-- strep, coag neg staph, corynebac bovis
2) Deep tissue-- micro-abscess, fibrous tissue, staph aureus
3) The Cow-- bacteremia, coliforms

Front 13

Susceptibility Breakpoint

Back 13

Drug concentration (zone diameter) that is set as representing clinical efficacy-- can be misleading.
Specifics: drug, pathogen, species, disease, regimen

Front 14

Traits of good systemic drugs

Back 14

1) High Vd
2) cross blood: milk barrier
3) lipophilic
4) E.g. tetracyclines, macrolides, florfenicol

Front 15

Concentration-dependent killing v. time-dependent killing

Back 15

in concentration-dependent killing, magnitude above MIC enhances killing (e.g. aminoglycosides)
In time-dependent killing, time above MIC enhances killing ( macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, lincosamides)

Front 16

Coliform mastitis

Back 16

1) most common cause of severe mastitis
2) most common cause of dead/culled cows