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65 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the prototypes for drug category Antiinfectives?
penicillin G
amoxicillin
dicloxacillin
What are the prototypes for drug category Cephalosporins?
cefazolin
cefaclor
What are the prototypes for drug category Antibacterial Macrolides?
azithromycin
What are the prototypes for drug category Antibacterial Tetracyclines?
doxycylcline
What are the prototypes for drug category Antibacterial Aminoglycosides?
gentamicin sulfate
What are the prototypes for drug category Antibacterials Quinolone, fluoroquinolone?
levofloxacin
What are the prototypes for drug category Antibacterials Sulfonamides?
co-trimoxazole/TMP-SMZ
What are the prototypes for drug category Antituberculars?
isoniazid
rifampin
dapsone
What are the prototypes for drug category Antifungals?
fluconazole
amphotericin B
What are the prototypes for drug category Antivirals?
acyclovir sodium
oseltamivar
What are the prototypes for drug category Antimalarials?
chloroquine HCl
What are the prototypes for drug category Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
zidovudine
efavirenz
azidothymidine (AZT)
What are the prototypes for drug category Protease inhibitors?
lopinavir
ritonavir
What are the prototypes for drug category Vaccines?
varicella
What are the prototypes for drug category Uterine Tract antiseptics?
nitrofurantoin
What are the prototypes for drug category Alkylating drugs?
cyclophosphamide
cytoxan
interferon alpha 2a
What are the prototypes for drug category Antimetabolites?
fluorouracil
5-fluorouracil
5-fu (adrucil)
What are the prototypes for drug category Antitumor antibiotics?
doxorubicin
adriamycin
What are the prototypes for drug category Mitotic inhibitor/plant alkaloid?
vincristine
oncovin
What are the prototypes for drug category Topoisomerase II inhibitor?
etoposide
What are the prototypes for drug category Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)?
gefitinib
What are the prototypes for drug category Proteasome inhibitor?
bortezomib
What are the prototypes for drug category Angiogenesis inhibitors (Recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody)?
bevacizumab
What are the prototypes for drug category Biological Response Modifier?
rituximab (Monoclonal antibody)
epoetin alpha (erythropoietin)
What are the prototypes for drug category Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)?
filgrastim
sargramostim
What are the prototypes for drug category Antiinfectives?
vancomycin
What are the prototypes for drug category Antihistamines?
diphenhydramine
Penicillin G
penicillin G (Pfizerpen)
Classification: anti-infectives
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: B
Contraindications: previous hypersensitivity to penicillins (cross-sensitivity may exist with cephalosporins and other beta-lactams); some products may contain tartrazine and should be avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity.
Specific pharmacokinetics:variably absorbed from GI tract
Therapeutic effects:bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria (bind to bacterial cell wall, resulting in cell death)
Side effects/Adverse reactions:CNS-seizures; rashes; anaphylaxis, serum sickenss and superinfection
Nursing implications: observe pt for S&S of anaphylaxis. Do not confuse penicillin with penicillinamine. Do not confuse penicillin G aqueous with penicillin G procaine.
amoxicillin
amoxicillin (Amoxil, Apo-Amoxi, DisperMox, Novamoxin, Nu-Amoxi, Trimox, Wymox)
Toxic dose:??
Pregnancy Category: B
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to penicillins; tablets for oral suspension (Disper-Mox) contain aspartame; avoid in pts with phenylketonuria.
Specific pharmacokinetics:well absorbed from duodenum, more resistant to acid inactivation that other penicillins; 70% excreted in urine
Therapeutic effects:bactericidal action; spectrum is broader than penicillins (binds to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death)
Side effects/Adverse:CNS-seizures; GI-psuedomembranous colitis; anaphylaxis, serum sickness
rifampin
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
dicloxacillin
dicloxacillin (Dynapen, Dycill, Pathocil)
Classification: anti-infective-penicillinase-resistant penicillin
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: B
Contraindications:allergic to penicillin; use caution with those hypersensitive to cephalosporins
Specific pharmacokinetics: absorbed 35-76% in GI tract; 95% protein bound, excreted in bile and urine
Therapeutic effects: bactericidal effect; to treat Staph aureus infection (inhibition of the enzyme in cell wall synthesis)
Side effects/Adverse reactions: NVD, rash, abd pain, flatulence
cefazolin
cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol)
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: B
Contraindications:hypersensitivity to cephalosporins; use caution with hypersensitivity to penicillins; renal disease, lactation
Specific pharmacokinetics: IM/IV absorption with rapid/immediate onset; 75-85% protein bound; 70% excreted unchanged in urine
Therapeutic effects:bactericidal effect (inhibition of cell wall synthesis, causing cell death) to treat respiratory, urinary and skin infections, to treat bone and joint infection, genital infections and endocarditis
Side effects/Adverse reactions:anorexia, NVD, rash, abdominal cramps, fever
cefaclor
cefaclor (Ceclor)
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: B
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cephalosporins; use caution with hypersensitivity to penicillins; renal disease, lactation
Specific pharmacokinetics: PO well absorbed Rapid onset; 25% protein bound; 60-80% excreted unchanged in urine
Therapeutic effects:bactericidal effect (inhibition of cell wall synthesis, causing cell death) to treat respiratory, urinary and skin infections, to treat ear infection, ampicilllin-resistant strains, and certain gram-negative organisms; E. coli, Proteus, H. influenzae, and gram-positive strains; Strep pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and S. aureus
Side effects/Adverse reactions:anorexia, NVD, rash, pruritus, HA, vertigo, weakness
azithromycin
azithromycin (Zithromax, AzaSite)
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: B
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; Use caution with hepatic dysfunction, lactation, renal dysfunction
Specific pharmacokinetics: 37% PO absorption, 51% protein bound, excretion in bile and small amount in urine
Therapeutic effects: bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal effect; inhibition of the steps of protein synthesis; to treat gram-positive and some gram-negative organisms; for clients who are allergic to penicillin; to treat respiratory infections, gonorrhea, and skin infections. AzaSite is given for bacterial conjuctivitis
Side effects/Adverse reactions: anorexia, NVD, tinnitus, abdominal cramps, pruritis, rash AR-superinfections, vaginitis, urticaria, stomatitis, hearing loss, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis
doxycycline
doxycycline (Adoxa, Doryx, Doxy, Doxycin, Vibramycin, Vibra-Tabs, Oracea)
Classification: Tetracycline
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: D
Contraindications:Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, severe hepatic or renal disease Use caution with history of allergies, renal and hepatic dysfunction, alcoholism, hypokalemia, antidysrhythmics, significan bradycardia
Specific pharmacokinetics:Absorbed 100% PO, rapid onset through IV, 25-93% protein bound, excreted unchanged in the urine
Therapeutic effects: Bacteriostatic or bactericidal; inhibition of the steps of protein synthesis; to treat infections caused by uncommon gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, respiratory and skin infections or disorders, chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, syphilis, rickettsial infection and inflammatory papules and pustules associated with rosacea in adults
Side effects/Adverse reactions:NVD, rash, flatulence, abd discomfort, HA, photosensitivity, pruritus, epigastric distress, heartburn AR-superinfections (candidiasis) life-threatening-blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, intracranial hypertension, psueomembranous colitis, CNS toxicity
gentamicin sulfate
gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin)
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, severe renal disease, pregnancy, and breastfeeding Use caution with renal disease, neuromuscular disorders (myastenia gravis, parkinsonism), heart failure, elderly, neonates
Specific pharmacokinetics: Absorption IM/IV, rapid onset through IM/IV, unknown protein binding, excreted unchanged in urine
Therapeutic effects: bactericidal effect; inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis; to treat serious infections caused by gram-negative organisms (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus); to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections
Side effects/Adverse reactions: anorexia, NV, rash, numbness, visual disturbances, tremors, tinnitus, pruritus, muscle cramps or weakness, photosensitivity AR-oliguria, urticaria, palpitation, superinfection life-threatening- ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, agraulocytosis, neuromuscular blockage, liver damage
levofloxacin
levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Classification: Antibacterials: Quinolone, fluoroquinolone
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: C (X at term, breastfeeding)
Contraindications: severe renal disease, hypersensitivity to other quinolones, pregnancy, and breastfeeding Use caution with seizure disorders, renal disorders, children <14 yr, elderly, clients receiving theophylline
Specific pharmacokinetics: 95-98% PO absorbed, 24-30% protein bound, 87% excreted unchanged in urine
Therapeutic effects:bactericidal effect; interference with the enzyme DNA gyrase, which is needed for bacterial DNA synthesis; to treat lower respiratory tract, renal, bone, and joint infections
Side effects/Adverse reactions: NVD, abdominal cramps, flatulence, headache, dizziness, fatigue, restlessness, insomnia, rash, flushing, tinnitus, photosensitivity AR-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, encephalopathy, seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, dysrhythmias
co-trimoxazole/TMP-SMZ
co-trimoxazole/TMP-SMZ (Bactrim, Septra)
Classification: Antibacterial: Sulfonamide
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications:Severe renal or hepatic disease, hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
Specific pharmacokinetics: absorbed well PO, 50-65% protein bound; crosses placenta; excreted in urine as metabolites; onset through IV is immediate
Therapeutic effects:bactericidal effect; inhibition of protein synthesis of nucleic acids; to treat urinary tract infection, otitis media, bronchitis, PNA, pneumocystis carinii infectino, rheumatic fever, burns
Side effects/Adverse reactions:anorexia, NVD, rash, stomatitis, fatigue, depression, HA, vertigo, photosensitivity AR-life-threatening- leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, renal failure
isoniazid
isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid, Laniazid, Isotamine, PMS-Isoniazid)
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: severe renal or hepatic disease, alcoholism, diabetic retinopathy
Specific pharmacokinetics: PO well absorbed, 10% protein bound, 50% excreted unchanged in the urine
Therapeutic effects: inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis; to treat tuberculosis; prophylactic measure against tuberculosis
Side effects/Adverse reactions:drowsiness, tremors, rash, blurred vision, photosensitivity, tinnitus, dizziness, NV, dry mouth, constipation AR-psychotic behavior, peripheral neuropathy, vitamin B6 deficiency life-threatening-blood dyscrasias, thrombocytopenia, seizures, agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity
fluconazole
fluconazole (Diflucan)
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: pregnancy
Drug-Drug Interactions: Increases PT when taking warfarin; increases hypoglycemia when taken with oral sulfonylureas; increases phenytoin, cyclosporine, and haloperidol levels; decreases fluconazole level with cimetidine and rifampin
Specific pharmacokinetics: PO absorbed well in GI tract, 12% protein bound, excretes through the urine
Therapeutic effects:increases permeability of the fungal cell membrane; infections and cryptococcal meningitis
Side effects/Adverse reactions:PO-anorexia, NVD (large doses), stomach cramps, rash, HA Vaginal-rash, burning sensation AR-no known
dapsone
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
amphotericin B
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
acyclovir sodium
acyclovir (Zovirax)
Classification: Antiviral
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, severe renal or hepatic disease Use caution with electrolyte imbalance, nursing mothers, young children
Drug-Drug Interactions: Increases nephro-neurotoxicity with aminoglycosides, probenecid, interferon
Drug-Lab Interactions: may increase AST, ALT, BUN
Specific pharmacokinetics: PO slowly absorbed, 10-30% protein bound, 95% excreted unchanged in urine
Therapeutic effects:interference with viral synthesis of DNA; to treat HSV-1, HSV-2 (genital)
Side effects/Adverse reactions: NVD, HA, tremors, lethargy, rash, pruritus, increased bleeding time, phlebitis at IV site AR-urticaria, anemia, gingival hyperplasia Life-threatening-neuropathy, seizures, nephrotoxicity (large doses), bone marrow depression, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
oseltamivar
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
chloroquine HCl
chloroquine HCl (Aralen HCl)
Classification: Antimalarial
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to 4-aminoquinolones; renal disease, psoriasis, retinal changes Use caution with alcoholism, liver dysfunction; G-6-PD deficiency; GI, neurologic, and hematologic disorders
Drug-Drug Interactions: Increase effects of digoxin, anticoagulants, neuromuscular blocker, decrease absorption with antacids and laxatives
Drug-Lab Interactions: Decrease RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit
Specific pharmacokinetics:well absorbed from GI tract; 50-65% protein bound, excreted slowly in urine
Therapeutic effects: increased pH in the malaria parasite inhibits parasitic growth; to treat acute malaria, prophylaxis for malaria
Side effects/Adverse reactions: anorexia, NVD, abd cramps, fatigue, pruritus, nervousness, visual disturbances (blurred vision) AR-ECG changes, hypotension, psychosis Life threatening-agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, ototoxicity, cardiovascular collapse
zidovudine
zidovudine (ZDV, AZT, Retrovir)
Classification: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: life-threatening allergies to zidovudine or components of preparation Use caution with bone marrow compromise, renal and hepatic dysfunction, decreased hepatic blood flow
Drug-Drug Interaction: Ganciclovir and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may incrase risk of neutropenia; probenecid may increase concentration, risk of toxicity
Specific pharmacokinetics: 66-70% PO absorbed; 25-38% protein bound; crosses blood-brain barrier, crosses placenta, peak serum levels 30-90 minutes; Extensive first-pass effect in liver; 63-95% excreted in urine
Therapeutic effects:inhibits viral enzyme reverse transcriptase, an enzyme necessary for viral HIV replication
Side effects/Adverse reactions:numbness, tingling, burning and pain in lower extremities, abdominal pain, rash, GI intolerance, fever, sore throat, HA, pruritus, muscle pain, difficulty swallowing, arthralagia, insomnia, confusion, mental changes, bluish brown bands on fingernails AR-NV, anemia (plae skin, unusual fatigue or weakness), neutropenia (fever, chills, sore throat), seizures
efavirenz
efavirenz (Sustiva)
Classification: nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: Life-threatening allergies to efavirenz or components of preparation; concurrent use of midazolam, triazolam, ergot alkaloids Use caution with history of mental illness/drug abuse; liver impairment
Drug-Drug Interactions: See contraindications; carbamazepine, nevirapine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, St John's wort may decrease effect; may decrease effect of lopinavir/ritonavir, saquinavir, amprenavir, clarithromycin, methadone, sertraline
Specific pharmacokinetics: PO increased following high fat meal; >99% protein binding, widely distributed (found in CSF); metabolized in the liver; excreted primarily in the feces as unchanged drug (16-41%), 14-34% excreted in the urine primarily as a metabolite
Therapeutic effects: binds to reverse transcriptase, blocking RNA dependent and DNA dependent DNA polymerase activity including HIV-1 replication
Side effects/Adverse reactions:CNS effects (dizziness, insomnia, abnormal dreams/thinking, impaired concentration, amnesia, agitation, hallucinations, euphoria, anxiety), ND AR-aggressive reaction, allergic reaction, convulsion, liver failure, neuropathy, suicide, abnormal vision
Nursing implications:
azidothymidine (AZT)
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
lopinavir
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
ritonavir
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
varicella
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
nitrofurantoin
nitrofurantoin (Furalan, Furadantin, Macrodantin, Apo-Nitrofurantoin, Novofuran)
Classification: Urinary antiinfective
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category: B
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, moderate to severe renal impairment, oliguria, anuria, CLcr<40 ml/min, infancts < 1mo, term pregnancy, lactation with infant suspected of having G-6-PD deficiency Use caution with vitamin B deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes mellitus
Drug-Drug Interactions: Decrease effect with probenecid; decreased absorption with antacids
Specific pharmacokinetics: well absorbed from GI tract-enhanced with food; 60% protein bound; crosses placenta, excreted in breast milk; excreted in urine, small amounts in bile
Therapeutic effects:inhibits bacterial enzymes and metabolism; to treat acute and chronic UTIs
Side effects/Adverse reactions:anorexia, NVD, rust-brown discoloration of urine, rash, pruritus, dizziness, HA, drowsiness AR-superinfection, peripheral neuropathy, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis Life-threatening-anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
fluorouracil, 5-fluorouracil, 5-fu (adrucil)
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
doxorubicin (adriamycin)
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
vincristine (oncovin)
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
etoposide
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
gefitinib
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
bortezomib
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
bevacizumab
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
rituximab
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
epoetin alfa (erythropoietin)
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
filgrastim
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
sargramostim
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
vancomycin
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications:
diphenydramine
general (Brand)
Classification:
Toxic dose: ??
Pregnancy Category:
Contraindications:
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions:
Specific pharmacokinetics:
Therapeutic effects:
Side effects/Adverse reactions:
Nursing implications: