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236 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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brimonidine
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alpha-2 agonist, decreases aqueous humor synthesis
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acetazolamide
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
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pilocarpine
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cholinomimetic
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carbachol
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cholinomimetic
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physostigmine
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indirect cholinomimetic via acetycholinesterase inhibition
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echothiopate
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indirect cholinomimetic via acetycholinesterase inhibition
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neostigmine
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indirect cholinomimetic via acetycholinesterase inhibition
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pyridostigmine
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indirect cholinomimetic via acetycholinesterase inhibition
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donepezil
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indirect cholinomimetic via acetycholinesterase inhibition
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edrophonium
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indirect cholinomimetic via acetycholinesterase inhibition
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methacholine
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cholinomimetic
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bethanechol
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cholinomimetic
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parathion
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cholinesterase inhibitor
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pralidoxime
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regenerates acetylcholinesterase
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atropine
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muscarinic antagonist
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homatropine
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muscarinic antagonist
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tropicamide
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muscarinic antagonist
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benztropine
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muscarinic antagonist (CNS)
anti-muscarinic, improves cholinergic effects in Parkinson's |
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scopolamine
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muscarinic antagonist (CNS)
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ipratropium
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muscarinic antagonist (respiratory)
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tiotropium
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muscarinic antagonist (respiratory)
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oxybutynin
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muscarinic antagonist (GU)
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glycopyrrolate
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muscarinic antagonist (GI, respiratory)
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epinephrine
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Beta-agonist > alpha-agonist
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norepinephrine
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Alpha agonist > beta-1 agonist
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isoproterenol
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Beta-agonist
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dopamine
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dopamine agonst > beta agonist > alpha agonist
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dobutamine
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beta-1 agonist
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phenylephrine
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Alpha-1 > alpha-2 agonist
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albuterol
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Beta-2 agonist
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salmeterol
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beta-2 agonist
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terbutaline
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beta-2 agonist
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ritodrine
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beta-2 agonist only
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amphetamine
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indirect sympathomimetic, increases catecholamines in the synaptic cleft (ADHD, nacrolepsy)
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ephedrine
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indirect sympathomimetic
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cocaine
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indirect sympathomimetic and reuptake inhibitor
local anesthetic, blocks Na channels |
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clonidine
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centrally-acting alpha-2 agonist
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methyldopa
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centrally-acting alpha-2 agonist
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phenoxybenzamine
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irreversible alpha blocker
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phentolamine
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reversible alpha blocker
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prazosin
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alpha-1 antagonist
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doxazosin
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alpha-1 antagonist
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tamsulosin
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alpha-1 blocker
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terazosin
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alpha-1 blocker
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mirtazapine
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alpha-2 antagonist and 5-HT2/3 receptor antagonist
good for increasing appetite and weight gain in cancer patient, elderly, anorexia |
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acebutolol
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beta-1 blocker
partial beta-agonist |
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betaxolol
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beta-1 blocker
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atenolol
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beta-1 blocker
Class II anti-arrhythmic |
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esmolol
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beta-1 blocker
Class II anti-arrhythmic |
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metoprolol
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beta-1 blocker
Class II anti-arrhythmic |
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propanolol
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non-selective beta-blocker
Class II anti-arrhythmic |
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timolol
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non-selective beta-blocker
Class II anti-arrhythmic |
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pindolol
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non-selective beta-blocker
partial beta-agonist |
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nadolol
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non-selective beta-blocker
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carvedilol
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alpha and beta blocker
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labetolol
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alpha and beta blocker
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nifedipine
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DHP CCB (vascular selective)
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amlodipin
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DHP CCB (vascular selective)
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verapamil
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non-DHP CCB (cardioselective)
Class IV anti-arrhythmic |
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diltiazem
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non-DHP CCB (cardioselective)
Class IV anti-arrhythmic |
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hydralazine
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smooth muscle relaxant via increased cGMP, prefers arterioles
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nitroprusside
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short-acting NO causes increase in cGMP
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fenoldopam
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dopamine-1 receptor agonist causes vasodilation
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nitroglycerin
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vasodilator prefers veins
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isosorbide dinitrate
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vasodilator prefers veins
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isosorbide mononitrate
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vasodilator prefers veins, highest bioavailability orally
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atorvastatin
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
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niacin
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inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, inhibits hepatic VLDL secretion
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cholestyramine
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prevents reabsorption of bile acids
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colesevelam
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prevents reabsorption of bile acids
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colestipol
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prevents reabsorption of bile acids
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exetimibe
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prevent cholesterol absorption
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gemfibrozil
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upregulates LPL
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fenofibrate
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upregulates LPL
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clofibrate
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upregulates LPL
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digoxin
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inhibits Na-K ATPase, thus inhibiting Na-Ca exchanger and increasing intracellular calcium
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milrinone
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PDE-3 inhibitor causes vascular vasodilation
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quinidine
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Class 1A anti-arrhythmic
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procainamide
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Class 1A anti-arrhythmic
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disopyramide
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Class 1A anti-arrhythmic
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lidocaine
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Class 1B anti-arrhythmic
local anesthetic (amide) |
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mexiletine
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Class 1B anti-arrhythmic
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tocainide
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Class 1B anti-arrhythmic
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flecainide
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Class 1C anti-arrhythmic
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propafenone
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Class 1C anti-arrhythmic
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moricizine
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Class 1C anti-arrhythmic
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amiodarone
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Class III anti-arrhythmic
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ibutilide
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Class III anti-arrhythmic
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dobutilide
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Class III anti-arrhythmic
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sotalol
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Class III anti-arrhythmic
beta-blocker |
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adenosine
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increases the flow of K out of cells, hyperpolarizing them and decreasing the calcium current
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cimetidine
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H2 receptor blocker
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ranitidine
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H2 receptor blocker
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famotidine
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H2 receptor blocker
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omeprazole
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PPI
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lansoprazole
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PPI
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esomeprazole
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PPI
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bismuth
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provides protection to gastric mucosa
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sucralfate
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provides protection to gastric mucosa
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misoprostol
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prostaglandin E1 analog, increases gastric mucosa and decreases acid secretion
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octreotide
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somatostatin analog
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aluminum hydroxide
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antacid, constipation
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magnesium hydroxide
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antacid
osmotic laxative |
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calcium carbonate
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antacid
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polyethylene glycol
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osmotic laxative
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lactulose
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osmotic laxative
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infliximab
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TNF-alpha antibody
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sulfasalazine
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anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial
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ondansetron
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anti-emetic by 5-HT3 antagonism
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metoclopramide
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D2 receptor antagonist, increases gastric motility
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latanoprost
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prostaglandin F-2-alpha analog
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morphine
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modulates synaptic transmission as opioid receptor agonists; inhibits neurotransmitter release
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fentanyl
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modulates synaptic transmission as opioid receptor agonists; inhibits neurotransmitter release
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miperidine
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modulates synaptic transmission as opioid receptor agonists; inhibits neurotransmitter release
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methadone
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modulates synaptic transmission as opioid receptor agonists; inhibits neurotransmitter release
for recovering addicts |
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heroin
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modulates synaptic transmission as opioid receptor agonists; inhibits neurotransmitter release
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codeine
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modulates synaptic transmission as opioid receptor agonists; inhibits neurotransmitter release
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dextromethorphan
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modulates synaptic transmission as opioid receptor agonists; inhibits neurotransmitter release
cough suppression |
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loperamide
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modulates synaptic transmission as opioid receptor agonists; inhibits neurotransmitter release
for diarrhea |
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naloxone
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mu-receptor inverse agonist
emergency reversal |
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naltrexone
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mu-receptor antagonist
long-term reversal |
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butorphanol
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mu-receptor partial agonist and kappa-receptor agonist
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tramadol
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very weak opioid agonist for chronic pain
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phenytoin
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increase Na channel inactivation
1st-line for tonic-clonic seizures and SE prophylaxis |
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carbamazpeine
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increase Na channel inactivation
1st line for tonic-clonic and partial seizures |
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lamotrigine
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blocks voltage-gated Na channels
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gabapentin
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inhibits voltage-activated calcium channels
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topiramate
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blocks Na channels and increases GABA
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phenobarbital
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increases GABA action by increases Cl channel opening duration
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valproic acid
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increases GABA and Na channel inactivation
1st line for tonic-clonic seizures, an option for absence seizures |
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ethosuximide
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blocks calcium channels
1st line for absence seizures |
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diazepam
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increases GABA action by increase Cl channel open frequency
1st line for acute SE |
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lorazepam
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increases GABA action by increase Cl channel open frequency
1st line for acute SE |
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tiagabine
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inhibits GABA reuptake
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vigabatrin
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increases GABA
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levetiracetam
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increases GABA
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pentobarbital
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increases GABA action by increases Cl channel opening duration
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thiopental
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increases GABA action by increases Cl channel opening duration
anesthesia induction (IV) due to high potency and rapid entry to CNS |
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midazolam
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increases GABA action by increase Cl channel open frequency
IV anesthetic used for endoscopy |
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flumazenil
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competitive antagonist at GABA BZP receptor
treat BZP OD |
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alprazolam
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increases GABA action by increase Cl channel open frequency
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zolpidem
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non-BZ hypnotic which acts at the BZ1 subunit of GABA
flumazenil reverses here as well as BZs |
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zaleplon
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non-BZ hypnotic which acts at the BZ1 subunit of GABA
flumazenil reverses here as well as BZs |
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eszopiclone
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non-BZ hypnotic which acts at the BZ1 subunit of GABA
flumazenil reverses here as well as BZs |
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halothane
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inhaled anesthetic
high lipid and blood solubility means high potency and slow induction, respectively |
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enflurane
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inhaled anesthetic
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isoflurane
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inhaled anesthetic
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nitrous oxide
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inhaled anesthetic
low blood and lipid solubility means fast induction and low potency, respectively |
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ketamine
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an arylcyclohexamine that is rarely used, acts as dissociative anesthetic
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propofol
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potentiates GABA, rapid IV sedation and anesthesia
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procaine
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ester local anesthetic
blocks sodium channels |
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tetracaine
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ester local anesthetic
blocks sodium channels |
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mepivacaine
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amide local anesthetic
blocks sodium channels |
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bupivicaine
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amide local anesthetic
blocks sodium channels |
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succinylcholine
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strong depolarizing nicotinic agonist (intubation)
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tubocurarine
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non-depolarizing nicotinic antagonist
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pancuronium
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non-depolarizing nicotinic antagonist
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vecuronium
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non-depolarizing nicotinic antagonist
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atracurium
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non-depolarizing nicotinic antagonist
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dantrolene
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prevents release of calcium from the SR in skeletal muscle
for malignant HTN and NMS |
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bromocriptine
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ergot dopamine agonist
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pramipexole
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non-ergot dopamine agonist
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ropinirole
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non-ergot dopamine agonist
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amantadine
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increases dopamine release and influenza A antiviral
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L-dopa
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metabolized to dopamine in the CNS by l-dopa decarboxylase
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carbidopa
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inhibits decarboxylation of l-dopa in the periphery
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selegiline
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MAO-B inhibitor
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entacapone
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COMT inhibitor
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tocapone
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COMT inhibitor
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memantine
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NMDA receptor antagonist (Alzheimer's)
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reserpine
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inhibits VMAT, limits dopamine packaging (Huntington's)
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sumatriptan
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5-HT agonist induces vasoconstriction (headaches acutely)
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methylphenidate
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increases catecholamines in the synpatic cleft (ADHD, narcolepsy)
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haloperidol
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blocks D2 receptors (blocks Gi, increase in cAMP)
neuroleptic, high potency |
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trifluoperazine
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blocks D2 receptors (blocks Gi, increase in cAMP)
neuroleptic, high potency |
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fluphenazine
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blocks D2 receptors (blocks Gi, increase in cAMP)
neuroleptic, high potency |
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chlorpromazine
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blocks D2 receptors (blocks Gi, increase in cAMP)
neuroleptic, low potency |
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thioridazine
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blocks D2 receptors (blocks Gi, increase in cAMP)
neuroleptic, low potency |
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olanzapine
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atypical anti-psychotic
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clozapine
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atypical anti-psychotic
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quetiapine
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atypical anti-psychotic
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risperidone
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atypical anti-psychotic
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aripiprazole
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atypical anti-psychotic
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ziprasidone
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atypical anti-psychotic
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lithium
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may inhibit phosphoinositol cascade
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buspirone
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stimulates 5-HT1A receptors (GAD)
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fluoxetine
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SSRI
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paroxetine
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SSRI
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sertraline
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SSRI
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citalopram
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SSRI
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escitalopram
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SSRI
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venlafaxine
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inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
SNRI |
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duloxetine
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inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
SNRI |
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amitriptyline
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inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
TCA (3* with more anticholinergic effects) |
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nortriptyline
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inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
TCA (2* with fewer anticholinergic effects) |
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imipramine
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inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
TCA |
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clomipramine
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inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
TCA |
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doxepin
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inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
TCA |
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tranylcypromine
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non-selective MAOI
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phenelzine
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non-selective MAOI
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isocarboxazid
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non-selective MAOI
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bupropion
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increases NE and dopamine, smoking cessation and atypical antidepressant
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maprotiline
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blocks NE reuptake, atypical antidepressant
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trazodone
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inhibits serotonin reuptake, used for insomnia
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trastuzumab
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Herceptin, used for HER2 positive breast cancers
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imatinib
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Gleevac, used to inhibit bcr-Abl in CML
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rituximab
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monoclonal antibody against CD20 of most B-cell neoplasms
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vemurafenib
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inhibits B-Raf kinase, with a specific mutation (metastatic melanoma)
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bevacizumab
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VEGF antibody, inhibits angiogenesis of solid tumors
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tamoxifen
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selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for breast cancer treatment but also helps with osteoporosis; increases endometrial cancer
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raloxifene
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selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for breast cancer treatment but also helps with osteoporosis; does NOT increase endometrial cancer
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cisplatin
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cross-links DNA; testicular, bladder, ovarian and lung carcinomas
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carboplatin
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cross-links DNA; testicular, bladder, ovarian and lung carcinomas
|
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etoposide
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inhibits topoisomerase II to induce DNA strand breaks
|
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teniposide
|
inhibits topoisomerase II to induce DNA strand breaks
|
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hydroxyurea
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inhibits ribonucleotide reductase; thus decreases S-phase DNA synthesis; also increases HbF in SCD
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prednisone
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glucocorticoid; may trigger apoptosis in tumor cells
|
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prednisolone
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glucocorticoid; may trigger apoptosis in tumor cells
|
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paclitaxel
|
prevents microtubule depolymerization; ovarian and breast cancers
|
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vincristine
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prevents microtubule polymerization
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vinblastine
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prevents microtubule polymerization
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busulfan
|
DNA alkylating agent
|
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carmustine
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nitrosurea; requires bioactivation; crosses to CNS for brain tumors
|
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lomustine
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nitrosurea; requires bioactivation; crosses to CNS for brain tumors
|
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streptozocin
|
nitrosurea; requires bioactivation; crosses to CNS for brain tumors
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cyclophosphamide
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covalently crosslinks guanine residues in DNA after liver bioactivation
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bleomycin
|
induces free radicals which break DNA
|
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doxorubicin
|
induces free radicals which break DNA; intercalates in DNA to break and decrease replication
|
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daunorubicin
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induces free radicals which break DNA; intercalates in DNA to break and decrease replication
|
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dactinomycin
|
intercalates in DNA
|
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methotrexate
|
inhibits DHF-R, decrease dTMP synthesis
|
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5-fluorouracil
|
inhibits thymidylate synthase, which decreases dTMP
|
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cytarabine
|
inhibits DNA polymerase as a pyrimidine analog
|
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azathioprine
|
inhibits de novo purine synthesis as a purine analog
|
|
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6-mercaptopurine
|
inhibits de novo purine synthesis as a purine analog
|
|
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6-thioguanine
|
inhibits de novo purine synthesis as a purine analog
|
