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210 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sulfisoxazole
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inhibit dihydropteroate synthase first step of Folic Acid synthesis
SJS |
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sulfacetamide
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inhibit dihydropteroate synthase first step of Folic Acid synthesis
SJS |
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sulfamethoxazole
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inhibit dihydropteroate synthase first step of Folic Acid synthesis
SJS |
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sulfadiazine
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inhibit dihydropteroate synthase first step of Folic Acid synthesis
SJS |
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trimethoprim
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inhibit dihydrofolate reductase second step of FA synthesis
bone marrow suppression |
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pyramethamine
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inhibit dihydrofolate reductase second step of FA synthesis
bone marrow suppression |
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baci(+)racin
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stop cell wall synthesis peptidoglycan, blepharitis ointment
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amoxicillin
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cell wall/transpeptidase inhibitor not resistant to penicillinase gram +and-. +clavulonic=augmentin
type I hypersensitivity |
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dicloxacillin
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transpeptidase inhibitor, resistant to penicillinase, doc for MSSA
type I hypersensitivity |
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cephalexin
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1st gen cephalosporin g+, transpeptidase inhibitor, skin infections, type I hypersensitivity
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ceftriaxone
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3rd gen cephalosporin g+-, transpeptidase inhibitor, IM to treat gonorrhea including gonorrheal conjunctivitis, type I hypersensitivity
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ciprofloxacin
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2nd gen g-, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, oral bad for bones
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ofloxacin
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2nd gen g-, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, oral bad for bones
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levofloxacin
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3rd gen g+-, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, oral bad for bones, only one not approved for down to one year of age
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gatifloxacin
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4th gen g+-, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, oral bad for bones
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moxifloxacin
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4th gen g+-, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, oral bad for bones
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besifloxacin
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4th gen g+-, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, oral bad for bones
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gentamycin
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aminoglycoside-bind 30s subunit SPK & delayed reepithelialization
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tobramycin
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aminoglycoside-bind 30s subunit SPK & delayed reepithelialization
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tetracycline
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tetracycline-bind 30s subunit, bad in pregnancy and kids
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minocycline
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tetracycline-bind 30s subunit, bad in pregnancy and kids
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doxycycline
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tetracycline-bind 30s subunit, bad in pregnancy and kids, can be taken with food, can be used with renal failure, used for chlamydia inclusion and trachoma
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chloramphenicol
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bind 50s subunit, topical
fatal aplastic anemia, ON |
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erythromycin
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macrolide-bind 50s subunit
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azithromycin
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macrolide-bind 50s subunit, oral for trachoma and inclusion conj., topical for bacterial conj./bleph
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clarithromycin
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macrolide-bind 50s subunit
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lincomycin
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bind 50s subunit
MRSA |
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clindamycin
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bind 50s subunit
MRSA |
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rifampin
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binds RNA polymerase of mycobacterium, TB, pink urine and tears
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isoniazid
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inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, TB, B6 deficiency, rarely ON and atrophy with loss of vision
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ethambutol
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inhibits arabinosyl transferase, TB, VA and RG are indicated for baseline
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oseltamivir
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inhibits influenza A and B neuraminidase
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zidovudine (retrovir)
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inhibits reverse transcriptase (RNA dependent DNA polymerase), HIV, bone marrow suppression
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ribavirin
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viral RNA polymerase inhibitor, Hep C, conjunctivitis
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trifluridine (viroptic)
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inhibit DNA polymerase, HSK
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acyclovir
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inhibit DNA polymerase, herpes
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valacyclovir
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inhibit DNA polymerase, herpes
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famciclovir
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inhibit DNA polymerase, herpes
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ganciclovir
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inhibit DNA polymerase, herpes, CMV
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foscarnet (foscavir)
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inhibit DNA polymerase, herpes, CMV after ganciclovir fails
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natamycin
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bind to ergosterol and form pores, only FDA approved for antifungal eye therapy
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amphotericin B
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bind to ergosterol, topical and IV-nephrotoxicity
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nystatin
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bind to ergosterol
candida-thrush, vaginal-yeast not for ophthalmic use |
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ketoconazole
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inhibit ergosterol synthesis
hepatoxicity |
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fluconazole
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inhibit ergosterol synthesis
hepatoxicity |
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miconazole
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inhibit ergosterol synthesis
hepatoxicity |
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griseofulvin
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inhibits fungal mitosis through microtubule formation
scalp and nails |
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chloroquine
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causes a build up of heme in RBC and kills malaria. whorl keratopathy, bullseye maculopathy (RPE mottling)
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kwell
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goes through exoskeleton and kills insects (lice and scabies), shampoo (lice) can cause conjunctivitis when applied to the lashes
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hydroxychloroquine
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inhibits phospholipase A2 bullseye maculopathy (RPE mottling), whorl keratopathy
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hydrocortisone
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inhibits phospholipase A2, adrenal insufficiency, anti-inflammatory. SE-diabetes, weight gain, buffalo hump, immune suppression, osteoporosis, HTN, poor wound healing, Ocular SE-PSC, glaucoma, and decreased wound healing
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triamcinolone (kenalog)
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inhibits phospholipase A2, useful for tons of ocular stuff, anti-inflammatory-dermatosis, asthma, MS, arthritis. SE-diabetes, weight gain, buffalo hump, immune suppression, osteoporosis, HTN, poor wound healing, Ocular SE-PSC, glaucoma, and decreased wound healing
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fluticasone
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inhibits phospholipase A2, allergic rhinitis. SE-diabetes, weight gain, buffalo hump, immune suppression, osteoporosis, HTN, poor wound healing, Ocular SE-PSC, glaucoma, and decreased wound healing
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aspirin
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irreversible cox 1 and 2 inhibitor. name some uses, se are gi and bleeding
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indomethacin big 15
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reversible cox 1 and 2 inhibitor. antipyresis, anti-inflammatory, analgesia. se-gi, mi, bleeding, whorl k and pigmentary maculopathy
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ibuprofen
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reversible cox 1 and 2 inhibitor. antipyresis, anti-inflammatory, analgesia. se-gi, mi, bleeding
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naproxen
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reversible cox 1 and 2 inhibitor. antipyresis, anti-inflammatory, analgesia. se-gi, mi, bleeding
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Naproxen sodium
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reversible cox 1 and 2 inhibitor. antipyresis, anti-inflammatory, analgesia. se-gi, mi, bleeding
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piroxicam
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reversible cox 1 and 2 inhibitor. antipyresis, anti-inflammatory, analgesia. se-gi, mi, bleeding
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celecoxib
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selective cox 2 inhibitor antipyresis, anti-inflammatory, analgesia. se-gi, mi, bleeding, SJS, conjunctivitis, blurry vision
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pseudoephedrine
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alpha and beta adrenergic agonist, limits nasal congestion, diplopia, blurred vision, IOP spikes
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diphenhydramine
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1st gen. antihistamine H1 blocker sedation, anticholinergic effects like mydriasis, dry eye and mouth, tachycardia
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chlorompheniramine maleate
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1st gen. antihistamine H1 blocker sedation, anticholinergic effects like mydriasis, dry eye and mouth, tachycardia
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brompheniramine
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1st gen. antihistamine H1 blocker sedation, anticholinergic effects like mydriasis, dry eye and mouth, tachycardia
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promethazine
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1st gen. antihistamine H1 blocker sedation, anticholinergic effects like mydriasis, dry eye and mouth, tachycardia, corneal epithelial keratopathy, lenticular changes, pig. retinopathy
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loratidine
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2nd gen. H1 blocker, BBB, less CNS effects.
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fexofenadine
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2nd gen. H1 blocker, BBB, less CNS effects.
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cetirizine
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2nd gen. H1 blocker, BBB, less CNS effects. OCULOGYRIC CRISIS
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cimetidine
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H2 blocker on parietal cell, lower HCl secretion, heals stomach, diarrhea
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ranitidine
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H2 blocker on parietal cell, lower HCl secretion, heals stomach, diarrhea
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famotidine
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H2 blocker on parietal cell, lower HCl secretion, heals stomach, diarrhea
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omeprazole
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H+/K+ -ATPase inhibitor
GERD |
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esomeprazole
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H+/K+ -ATPase inhibitor
GERD |
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sucralfate
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lines stomach for protection
PUD interferes with oral meds |
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salmeterol
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long acting B2 agonist, maintenance therapy for COPD and asthma, keratitis and conjunctivitis
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albuterol
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short acting B2 agonist, rescue for asthma and COPD, IOP, tachycardia
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levalbuterol
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short acting B2 agonist, rescue for asthma and COPD, IOP, tachycardia
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terbutaline
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short acting B2 agonist, rescue for asthma and COPD, IOP, tachycardia
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ipratropium
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muscarinic antagonist, inhibits bronchoconstriction, caution with narrow angle glaucoma
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zafirlukast
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leukotriene receptor antagonists, asthma, bronchoconstriction
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montelukast
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leukotriene receptor antagonists, asthma, bronchoconstriction, rhinitis
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theophylline
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inhibits phosphodiesterase, increase in cAMP, releases epinephrine for lungs, causes bronchodialtion, limited therapeutic index, stopped by BB (timolol)
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acetylcysteine
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breaks disulfide bonds in proteins of mucus, expectorant. ophthalmic topical for filamentary keratitis, des, or corneal burns
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methotrexate
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inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, which inhibits DNA synthesis. immunosuppressant and antiinflammatory for RA. SE are hepatoxicity, myelosuppression, increased opportunistic infections
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cyclosporine
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inhibits release and production of IL-2 which is responsible for T-lymphocyte activation. immunosuppressant. Can cause RPLS-HA, altered consciousness, seizures, and visual disturbances
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azathioprine
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purine analog that inserts into RNA and DNA and stops replication. treats RA, limited use due to secondary lymphoma
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tamoxifen, big 15
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competitive partial agonist inhibitor of estradiol at the breast. SE-4 C's, crystalline retinopathy, whorl keratopathy, uterine cancer and clotting
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meperidine
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agonist at opiate receptors, analgesic, addictive, SE-miosis
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oxycodone
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agonist at opiate receptors, analgesic, addictive, SE-miosis
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sumatriptan (imitrex)
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serotonin agonist, vasoconstriction in the brain, tx of migraine. NAION!!
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chlorpromazine
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a phenothiazine, DA receptor antagonist, anticholinergic effects-dry eye, mydriasis, and increased IOP. Pigmentation effects. anterior stellate cataract. OCULOGYRIC CRISIS!!
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thioridazine
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a phenothiazine, DA receptor antagonist, anticholinergic effects-dry eye, mydriasis, and increased IOP. Pigmentation effects. anterior stellate cataract. OCULOGYRIC CRISIS!!
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amantadine
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potentiates DA. tx of parkinson. adrenergic agonist effect can cause mydriasis and dry eye
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bromocriptine
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DA agonist for parkinson but more commonly for prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas. adrenergic agonist effect can cause mydriasis and dry eye
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methylphenidate
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increase DA release, for ADHD, narcolepsy and depression. adrenergic agonist effect can cause mydriasis and dry eye
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dextroamphetamine
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increase DA release, for ADHD, narcolepsy and depression. adrenergic agonist effect can cause mydriasis and dry eye
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donepezil
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CNS acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, tx of alzheimer. cataracts, blurred vision, and eye irritation. lowers IOP, discontinuation can yield a spike
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fluoxetine
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inhibits serotonin reuptake SSRI. Fewer SE than other classes of antidepressants. mydriasis
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amitryptiline
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TCA, inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake. Anticholinergic effects. TCA overdose is life threatening.
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imipramine
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TCA, inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake. Anticholinergic effects. TCA overdose is life threatening.
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phenelzine
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MAOI, MAO breaks down NE and serotonin. SE of glaucoma and nystagmus. Tons of drug interactions, and with wine, cheese and dried meats
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diazepam
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binds GABA receptors and causes hyperpoarization of neurons in the CNS by opening chloride channels. anxiolytic. SE-sedation, can be fatal when combined with alcohol. anticholinergic, nystagmus. narrow angle glaucoma is a contraindication
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phenytoin
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anti-convulsant, acts on neurotransmitters NE, Ach, and GABA. SE are nystagmus, diplopia, EOM palsies
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phenobarbital
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reduces glutamate(excitatory) transmissions through AMPA receptor blockade, used for seizures and sedation. Ach effects-sedation, respiratory depression, mydriasis, IOP increase, and cycloplegia
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topiramate
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multiple MOA for migraine. common se are blurred vision, diplopia and nystagmus. Uncommon Se are conjunctivitis, changes in lacrimation and myopia. Rarely, choroidal swelling may push the uvea forward and cause acute secondary angle closure (sulfa rxn)
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insulin
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activates tyrosine kinase and a phosphorylation cascade
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metformin
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decreases gluconeogenesis. usually first line oral because it does not cause hypoglycemia. SE-diarrhea and lactic acidosis
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glipizide
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sulfonylureas, secretagogue. increase secretion of insulin by beta cells, decrease glucagon release and increase sensitivity to insulin. SE hypoglycemia.
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glyburide
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sulfonylureas, secretagogue. increase secretion of insulin by beta cells, decrease glucagon release and increase sensitivity to insulin. SE hypoglycemia.
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chlorpropamide
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sulfonylureas, secretagogue. increase secretion of insulin by beta cells, decrease glucagon release and increase sensitivity to insulin. SE hypoglycemia.
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pioglitazone
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thiazolidinedione, activates PPAR-gamma, combats insulin resistance. SE are decreased VA caused by new or worsening macular edema
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levothyroxine
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synthetic T4. hyperthyroidism can cause pseudotumor cerebri in children
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estrogens and progesterones
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oral contraceptives, tx of hypogonadism, hypopituitarism, post menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms. Progestins given to decrease the risk of endometrial cancer. venous blood clots. Adverse ocular SE-dry eyes(only one that is not rare), ON, pseudotumor cereri
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sildenafil (viagra)
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inhibit PDE-5 increasing blood flow to the penis by prolonging cGMP effects. cyanopsia, photosensitivity, NAION!!
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vardenifil
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inhibit PDE-5 increasing blood flow to the penis by prolonging cGMP effects. cyanopsia, photosensitivity, NAION!!
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prazosin
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alpha-1 blocker, relaxes smooth muscle in the bladder to tx BPH. Floppy iris syndrome
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terazosin
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alpha-1 blocker, relaxes smooth muscle in the bladder to tx BPH. Floppy iris syndrome
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tamsulosin
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alpha-1 blocker, relaxes smooth muscle in the bladder to tx BPH. Floppy iris syndrome
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lisinopril
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ACE inhibitor, prevent formation of angiotensin II. antihypertension, decreased blood volume and vasodilation. SE cough
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benazepril
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ACE inhibitor, prevent formation of angiotensin II. antihypertension, decreased blood volume and vasodilation. SE cough
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enalapril
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ACE inhibitor, prevent formation of angiotensin II. antihypertension, decreased blood volume and vasodilation. SE cough
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captopril
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ACE inhibitor, prevent formation of angiotensin II. antihypertension, decreased blood volume and vasodilation. SE cough
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losartan
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inhibits angiotensin II. antihypertension, decreased blood volume and vasodilation. NO cough SE
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propanolol
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systemic BB, non-selective, also block release of renin from the kidneys. BB SE-disorientation, depression, fatigue, braycardia, arrhythmias, syncope, dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, erectile dysfunction
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labetolol
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systemic BB, non-selective, also block release of renin from the kidneys. BB SE-disorientation, depression, fatigue, braycardia, arrhythmias, syncope, dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, erectile dysfunction
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metoprolol
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systemic BB, B1 selective, also block release of renin from the kidneys. BB SE-disorientation, depression, fatigue, braycardia, arrhythmias, syncope, dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, erectile dysfunction
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atenolol
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systemic BB, B1 selective, also block release of renin from the kidneys. BB SE-disorientation, depression, fatigue, braycardia, arrhythmias, syncope, dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, erectile dysfunction
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nifedipine
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calcium channel blocker, decreases intracellular free calcium, decrease peripheral vascular resistance, less direct heart effects than other 2 CCBs for hypertension
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verapamil
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calcium channel blocker, decreases intracellular free calcium, decrease peripheral vascular resistance, treats HBP
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dilitiazem
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calcium channel blocker, decreases intracellular free calcium, decrease peripheral vascular resistance, to treat HBP
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furosemide
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loop diuretic inhibits Na 2Cl- K+ co-transport, decrease BV to tx htn. depletes potassium
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hydrochlorothiazide
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thiazide, acts on dct inhibits NaCl reabsorption and decreases Ca2+ excretion, decrease BV to tx htn. depletes potassium. Ocular SE-acute transient myopia, acute angle closure, both due to choroidal swelling (same as topirimate which is an anti epileptic)
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chlorothiazide
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thiazide, acts on dct inhibits NaCl reabsorption and decreases Ca2+ excretion, decrease BV to tx htn. depletes potassium. Ocular SE-acute transient myopia, acute angle closure, both due to choroidal swelling (same as topirimate which is an anti epileptic)
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spironolactone
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K sparing diuretic, blocks aldosterone at late dct and collecting duct. Can yield hyperkalemia.
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triamterene
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K sparing diuretic, blocks epithelial sodium channels in the late dct and the collecting duct. does not have the anti-androgen effects of spironolactone
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mannitol
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osmotic diuretic, decreases bv, increases plasma osmolarity, draws water out of the eye in acute angle closure attack, works on entire nephron. IV mannitol to lower IOP is CI in patients with pulmonary edema, dehydration, and CHF
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clonidine
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bp tx., cns alpha2 agonist. sympathetic outflow decreases and para tone increases. decreases vascular resistance and increases heart rate. SE dry mouth, sedation, impotence and sever rebound hypertension
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hydralazine
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increases cGMP results in smooth muscle relaxation in arteries to decrease bp. SE-compensatory tachycardia, fluid retention, lupus-like syndrome, cojunctivitis, lacrimation.
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digoxin
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CHF tx, inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme, leads to increased intracellular Ca2+. OCULAR SE-RETROBULBAR ON, B/Y DEFECTS, ENTOPIC PHENOMENA (snowy vision, dimming, flickering)
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amiodarone
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blocks K+ channels, used for supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. OCULAR SE-NAION, WHORL K, ANTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR LENS DEPOSITS. can also cause fatal pulmonary or hepatic toxicity, and can cause thyroid dysfunction.
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warfarin
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vit K antagonist, anticoagulant. used for blood clots, mechanical heart valves, or a-fib. stop before surgery
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clopidogrel
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inhibits the ADP receptor on platelet cell membranes, used after a heart attack or stroke to prevent further atherosclerotic events. SE-bleeding, GI, rash. Irreversible like asa.
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dipyridamole
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inhibits adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase causing accumulation of cAMP and adenosine which inhibit platelet aggregation. SE-bleeding
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lovastatin
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inhibits HMG CoA reductase which makes cholesterol. Lowers LDL and triglyceride concentrations and increase HDL.
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simvastatin
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inhibits HMG CoA reductase which makes cholesterol. Lowers LDL and triglyceride concentrations and increase HDL.
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atorvastatin
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inhibits HMG CoA reductase which makes cholesterol. Lowers LDL and triglyceride concentrations and increase HDL.
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gemfibrozil
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fibric acid, binds PPAR-alpha and helps break down VLDL
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cholestyramine
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binds to bile acids and prevents their reabsorption, stops fat absorption to lower cholesterol.
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isotretinoin (accutane)
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reduces oil production and size of sebaceous glands for sever acne. OCULAR SE-BLEPHAROCONJUNCTIVITIS, DRY EYES, PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI, SPK, LID EDEMA, COLOR VISION LOSS, NYCTALOPIA, CATARACTS. teratogenic, CI in pregnancy.
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metronidazole
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for acne rosacea, disrupts DNA and inhibits mucleic acid synthesis and has anti-imflammatory properties
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alcohol
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thiamine deficiency can lead to wernicke's encephalopathy-ophthalmoplegia, confusion, ataxia. Untreated yields korsakoff
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pilocarpine
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direct cholinergic agonist, pulls on longitudinal muscle and opens tm for increased outflow. 1% for CNIII palsy from tear. 0.125% will cause a response in Adie's(only one greater in the dark), SE are HA and myopic shifts
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neostigmine
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anticholinesterase inhibitor, indirect acting cholinergic agonist, treat MG
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edrophonium
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anticholinesterase inhibitor, indirect acting cholinergic agonist, dx MG
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echothiophate
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anticholinesterase inhibitor, indirect acting cholinergic agonist, can be used for dx/tx of accomodative esotropia. rarely for glaucoma
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pyridostigmine
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anticholinesterase inhibitor, indirect acting cholinergic agonist, tx MG
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atropine
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cholinergic antagonist, amblyopia, careful with Down's
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scopolamine
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cholinergic antagonist, careful with CNS toxicity
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homatropine
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cholinergic antagonist, anterior uveitis
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cyclopentolate
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cholinergic antagonist cycloplegic refraction
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tropicamide
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cholinergic antagonist, fewest SE, shortest duration, stronger mydriatic than cycloplegic
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phenylephrine
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adrenergic agonist alpha 1, dilation without cycloplegia, palpebral widening, redness clears=epi, does not clear=scleritis, may help diagnose Horner, 10% used to break Posterior Synechiae but can cause hypertensive crisis
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naphazoline
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adrenergic agonist, topical ocular decongestants, greater alpha effects so can depress the CNS
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tetrahydrozoline
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adrenergic agonist, topical ocular decongestants, greater alpha effects so can depress the CNS
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brimonidine
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alpha adrenergic agonist, both MOA, 30x more selective for alpha 2 than apraclonidine, neuroprotective. SE-follicular conjunctivitis. tid. causes miosis, dry mouth, ci with MAOI.
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apraclonidine
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best acute aaa for IOP drop, both MOA, not effective for chronic due to allergy and reduced effectiveness
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Horner
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greater in the dark, cocaine dilates in normals, does not dilate a horner, apraclonidine has no effect on normals, but dilates a miotic pupil in Horner. Hydroxyamphetamine causes mydriasis if lesion is preganglionic, if postganglionic no dilation will occur. phenylephrine 1% can dilate with postganglionic damage.
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timolol
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bb, nonselective, .25 to .5% is best. dose in morning to lower IOP, may not be effective long term. careful with diabetic and hyperthyroid masking, can exacerbate mg
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carteolol
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bb, nonselective, better for the heart but not as effective as timolol, can lower cholesterol by 3-4 points but about 70 is needed to make a difference
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betaxolol
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B1 specific bb, b2 is in the eye so not as effective as timolol, neuroprotective, can worsen congestive heart failure
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levobunolol
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nonselective bb, similar to timolol
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metipranolol
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non-selective bb not used anymore because it was not as effective as timolol
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brinzolamide
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CAI, sulfa based, stop bicarb from forming, lower IOP, topical so no effect on bone marrow
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dorzolamide
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CAI, sulfa based, stop bicarb from forming, lower IOP, topical so no effect on bone marrow
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acetazolamide
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CAI, sulfa based, stop bicarb from forming, best pill at lowering IOP, terrible for bone marrow
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methzolamide
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CAI, sulfa based, stop bicarb from forming, good pill at lowering IOP, terrible for bone marrow
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latanoprost
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PG analog(best class of topicals for lowering IOP), act on PGF2 receptors in ciliary muscle increasing uveoscleral outflow. CI are CME or active inflammation. SE are iris heterochromia, skin darkening and lash lengthening
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bimatoprost
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PG analog(best class of topicals for lowering IOP), act on PGF2 receptors in ciliary muscle increasing uveoscleral outflow. CI are CME or active inflammation. SE are iris heterochromia, skin darkening and lash lengthening
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travoprost
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PG analog(best class of topicals for lowering IOP), act on PGF2 receptors in ciliary muscle increasing uveoscleral outflow. CI are CME or active inflammation. SE are iris heterochromia, skin darkening and lash lengthening
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proparacaine
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10-20 sec onset, 10-20 min duration. stop influx of Na ions into the nerve cytoplasm to block pain signals, is ester based
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benoxinate
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part of fluress10-20 sec onset, 10-20 min duration. stop influx of Na ions into the nerve cytoplasm to block pain signals, is ester based
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emedastine
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topical ophthalmic H1 antihistamine blocks histamine receptor, type I hypersensitivity, IgE on first exposure with no sx., between exposure IgE binds to mast cells and basophils, on 2nd exposure antigen causes the IgE/mast cell complex to open calcium channels leading to degranulation of mast cells releasing histamine
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cromolyn sodium
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prevents Ca influx into mast cells stablizing them, used for chronic allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, or atopic keratoconjunctivitis, take a while to be effective
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lodoxamide
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prevents Ca influx into mast cells stablizing them, used for chronic allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, or atopic keratoconjunctivitis, take a while to be effective
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pemirolast
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prevents Ca influx into mast cells stablizing them, used for chronic allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, or atopic keratoconjunctivitis, take a while to be effective
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nedocromil
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prevents Ca influx into mast cells stablizing them, used for chronic allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, or atopic keratoconjunctivitis, take a while to be effective
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bepotastine
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mast cell stablizing/antihistamine combo, short and long term effectiveness for ocular itching and allergic conjunctivitis.
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epinastine
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mast cell stablizing/antihistamine combo, short and long term effectiveness for ocular itching and allergic conjunctivitis.
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ketotifen
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mast cell stablizing/antihistamine combo, short and long term effectiveness for ocular itching and allergic conjunctivitis.
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olopatidine
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mast cell stablizing/antihistamine combo, short and long term effectiveness for ocular itching and allergic conjunctivitis.
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azelastine
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mast cell stablizing/antihistamine combo, short and long term effectiveness for ocular itching and allergic conjunctivitis.
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prednisolone acetate
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potent corticosteroid, inhibits phospholipase A2, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. SE-increased risk of 2ndary infection, psc, and increased IOP
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rimexolone
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potent corticosteroid, inhibits phospholipase A2, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. SE-increased risk of 2ndary infection, psc, and increased IOP
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diflurprednate
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potent corticosteroid, inhibits phospholipase A2, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. SE-increased risk of 2ndary infection, psc, and increased IOP
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dexamethasone
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potent corticosteroid, inhibits phospholipase A2, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. SE-increased risk of 2ndary infection, psc, and increased IOP
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fluorometholone
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soft corticosteroid, inhibits phospholipase A2, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. SE-increased risk of 2ndary infection, psc, and increased IOP
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lotoprednol
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soft corticosteroid, inhibits phospholipase A2, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. SE-increased risk of 2ndary infection, psc, and increased IOP
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diclofenac sodium
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ophthalmic drop, block cox I and II, decreases inflammation, used after surgery to decrease inflammation particularly at the macula, RCE, corneal abrasions, and allergic conjunctivitis. SE are stinging and rarely corneal toxicity.
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ketorolac tromethamine
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ophthalmic drop, block cox I and II, decreases inflammation, used after surgery to decrease inflammation particularly at the macula, RCE, corneal abrasions, and allergic conjunctivitis. SE are stinging and rarely corneal toxicity.
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nepafenac
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ophthalmic drop, block cox I and II, decreases inflammation, used after surgery to decrease inflammation particularly at the macula, RCE, corneal abrasions, and allergic conjunctivitis. SE are stinging and rarely corneal toxicity.
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bromfenac
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ophthalmic drop, block cox I and II, decreases inflammation, used after surgery to decrease inflammation particularly at the macula, RCE, corneal abrasions, and allergic conjunctivitis. SE are stinging and rarely corneal toxicity.
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flurbiprofen
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ophthalmic drop, block cox I and II, decreases inflammation, used after surgery to decrease inflammation particularly at the macula, RCE, corneal abrasions, and allergic conjunctivitis. SE are stinging and rarely corneal toxicity.
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fluorescein
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water soluble allows evaluation of tear film quality and epithelial defects, stains base of hsv dendrite
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rose bengal
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stains the borders of dead cells, stains the border of hsv dendrite
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lissamine green
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same as rose bengal but stings less
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methylene blue
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similar to RB but also stains corneal nerves
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pegaptanib
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inhibits VEGF, intravitreal injection
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ranibizumab
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antibody that targets VEGF, intravitreal injection
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glycerine
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drink that makes blood hypertonic to lower IOP in acute angle closure attack, use isosorbide instead in a diabetic
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sodium chloride (Muro 128)
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hypertonic solution to reduce corneal edema
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