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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of an agonist? |
Chemicals that interact with a biomolecule in a way that entices/induces that biomolecule to perform its normal function |
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What is the definition of an antagonist? |
Chemicals that interact with a biomolecule in a way that prevents that biomolecule from performing its normal function. By definition, most inhibitors are antagonists. |
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What is an enzyme? |
A biomolecule, usually a protein (polypeptide), that lowers the activation energy of a reaction, and therefore is a catalyst. |
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Is an enzyme consumed in a reaction? |
No. |
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What is a receptor? |
Biomolecules that "change" when bonded to another molecule. |
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What are the 4 main classes of drug targets? |
Enzymes, receptors, other proteins, nucleic acids. |
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What other protein targets are there other than enzymes and receptors? |
Transport proteins, chaperones, protein-protein interactions. |
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How would we target nucleic acids? |
A DNA damaging agent. It would usually be lethal to cells, which is great for chemotherapy. |
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What is the definition of a drug? |
Chemicals that are recognized (if not approved) by a legitimate regulating agency as having a medical effect. |
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What is the definition of Drug candidates/Development candidates? |
Chemicals that are under investigation as potential drugs. |
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What is the definition of a Xenobiotic? |
Chemicals that are not natural, or are present in abnormally high concentrations, in an organism. |
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What is the definition of a ligand? |
Chemicals that bind with a biomolecule. |
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What is the definition of a substrate? |
Chemicals that bind to and are changed by a biomolecule. |
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What is the definition of products? |
Chemicals that are formed as the result of a reaction. |
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What are the two main secondary structures of enzymes formed? |
They typically take on two types of secondary structures based on hydrogen bonding, α-helices and β-sheets |
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They typically have a __________ shell that protects a _________ pocket, where most of the enzymatic activity occurs. |
They typically have a “hydrophilic” shell that protects a hydrophobic pocket, where most of the enzymatic activity occurs. |
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What is the name of the hydrophobic pocket of the enzyme where the enzymatic activity occurs? |
The Active Site. |
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What are the bond strengths of Covalent, Ionic and hydrogen bonds? |
Covalent bonds - > 200 kJ/mol Ionic bonds - ~ 30 kJ/mol Hydrogen bonds - ~ 20 kJ/mol |
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What are the strengths of the interactions of Dipolar and London/Van der Waals interactions? |
Dipolar interactions - ~ 5 kJ/mol London/Van der Waals interactions - ~ 3 kJ/mol |
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Enzymes: What does a competitive inhibitor do? |
It interferes with the active site of the enzyme so substrate cannot bind. |
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Enzymes: What does a non-competitive inhibitor do? |
It changes the shape of the active site so it can't bind to the substrate. |
