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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme |
Hypertension; Actions: dilatation of the arterial and venous systems occur through the suppression of renin-angiotensin I to angiotensin II conversion |
Captopril, Lisinopril, Enalapril |
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Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) |
Hypertension; Actions: dilatation of the arterial and venous systems occur through the blocking of the angiotensin II receptors |
Losartan, Valsartan, Irbesartan |
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Antacids |
Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer, Hiatal Hernia, reflux esophagitis; They contains magnesium, aluminium, calcium, and a combination of these compounds. They slow down the rate of gastric emptying and neutralise gastric acidity |
Aluminium Carbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Maalox, Mylanta |
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Anticoagulants |
MI, pulmonary embolus, DVT, disseminated intravascular clotting syndrome (DIC), atrial fibrillation |
Warfarin Sodium, Heparin, Enoxaparin, Dabigatran |
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Anticonvulsants |
Prevent seizures |
Phenytoin, Diazepam, Gabapentin, Valproic acid |
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Antidepressants |
Depression, nocturnal enuresis (in children) Blocks the breakdown or inhibits the reuptake of epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine which increases their actions in the nerve cells |
Sertraline, Amitriptyline, Bupropion, Fluoxetine |
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Antidiabetic medications |
Insulins- lower blood sugar, potassium, phosphate Oral hypoglycemic agents- stimulate the beta cells of pancreas to release insulin |
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Antidiarrheals |
Diarrhoea Decrease water content of stool, some slow down GI peristalsis |
Bismuth Subgallate, Kaolin and Pectin Mixtures, Lomotil |
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Antidysrhythmics |
Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, hypertension, angina |
Digoxin, Procainamide, Quinidine, Acdbutolol, Bretylium, Verapamil |
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Antifungals |
Fungal infections Decreases sodium, potassium and nutrients in the cell and increases cell permeability |
Nystatin, Amphotericin B |
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Antihistamines |
Allergies, pruritus, rhinitis Blocks histamine |
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, |
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Antiinfectives |
Infection |
Penicillin, Cephalexin, Gentamicin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline |
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Antineoplastics |
Tumours, lymphoma, leukaemia, Hodgkin's Disease
Interfere with DNA, RNA synthesis or by affecting the hormones associated with tumour growth |
Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, Taxol, Doxorubicin, Mitomycin |
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Antiparkinson agents |
Parkinson's Disease Blocks acetylcholine or activates dopamine receptors |
Levodopa, Entacapone, Selegiline, Ropinirole |
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Antipsychotic and neuroleptic agents |
Schizophrenia, mania, paranoia, anxiety Block dopamine receptors in the brain |
Haloperidol, chlorpromazine, Olanzapine, Risperidone, Aripirazole, Quetiapine |
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Anti tuberular |
Pulmonary tuberculosis Decreases the replication of the offending bacillus through the inhibition of RNA or DNA |
Isoniazid, Rifabutin, Rifampin |
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Antitussives and expectorants |
(Non-productive cough) bronchitis, TB, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis and COPD |
Guaifenasin, Codeine, Dextromethorphen |
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Antivirals |
Infections (HIV infections, herpes |
Acyclovir, Cidofovir, Lamivudine |
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Barbiturates |
Epilepsy, sedation, insomnia, anaesthesia, cholestasis |
Phenobarbital, Secobarbital |
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Benziodiazepines |
Anxiety, acute alcohol withdrawal, pre-operative relaxation Decreases anxiety by potentiating g-aminobutyric acid and other CNS inhibitory transmitters |
(Suffix= Pam) Diazepam, Clonazepam, Lorazapam, Oxazepam |
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Beta-Adrenergic Blockers |
Hypertension, angina prophylaxis, ventricular dysrhythmia Block the stimulation of beta receptors in the cardiac smooth muscle, lowering blood pressure and may reduce heart rate |
(Suffix= olol) Metoprolol, Propranorol, Bisoprolol |
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Bronchodilators |
Asthma, bronchospasm, COPD, emphysema, Cheyne-Stokes respirations |
Albuterol, Aminophylline, Levalbuterol |
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Calcium Channel Blockers |
Angina, hypertension, dysrhythmia Inhibit calcium ions across the cell membrane of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle to relax them, dilating coronary arteries, slows SA/AV node conduction, and dilating peripheral arteries |
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Cardiac Glycosides |
CHF, Tachycardia Cardiac output and cardiac contractility are enhanced by making more calcium available |
Digitoxin, Dixogin |
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Cholinergic Blockers |
Preventing surgical secretions, decreasing motility of urinary, biliary and GI tracts, reverses neuromuscular blockades Blocks the autonomic nervous systems and system's acetylcholine |
Atropine, Scopolamine, Belladonna |
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Corticosteroids |
Two types: Glucocorticoids: decrease inflammation; some are used for adrenal insufficiency, allergies and cerebral edema Increases capillary permeability and decreases inflammation Mineralocorticoids: adrenal insufficiency Increase potassium and hydrogen excretion in the distal tubule by increasing the resorption of sodium |
Cortisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone |
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Diuretics |
Hypertension and Edema with CHF Work in kidney by altering electrolyte balance and increase the excretion of water as a result |
Furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, spironolactone |
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Histamine H2 antagonists |
Gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease Inhibits histamine in the stomach, thereby inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid secretion |
Cimetidine, Ranitidine |
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Immunosuppressents |
Preventing organ transplant rejection Inhibits lymphocytes |
Cyclosporine, azathiomide |
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Laxatives |
Constipation
Work by increasing water retention, speeding up intestinal contractions, or reducing the surface tension |
Psyllium, Docusate Sodium, Magnesium Hydroxide, Mineral Oil, Bisacodyl |
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Nitrates |
Angina, Calcium channel blockers and beta blockers can be used for hypertension and dysrhythmias Dilate coronary arteries, decrease preload and afterload |
Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide monotirate |
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Nonsteroidal antiinflammatories (NSAIDs) |
Mild to moderate pain, arthritis, dysmenorrhoea Decreases prostaglandin synthesis |
Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac |
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Opioid Analgesic |
Moderate-severe pain Depression of the pain impulse transmission at the level of the spinal cord |
Codeine, Fentanyl, Morphine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone |
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Salicylates |
Mild-moderate pain, inflammation (Arthritis) fever, thromboemolitic disorders
Antipyretic (inhibits the heat regulation centre in the hypothalamus, anti-antiinflammatory (inhibits prostaglandin) Analgesic (inhibits prostaglandin) |
Aspirin, Salsalate |
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Thrombolytics |
Pulmonary emboli, DVT, arterial thrombosis, with or after MI, arteriovenous cannula occlusion |
Streptokinase, urokinase |
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Thyroid Medications |
Thyroid Replacement
Increases metabolism, cardiac output, blood volume, oxygen consumption, and respiratory rate |
Thyroid, Levothyroxine |
