Drug Classes

Front 1

Bethanechol

Back 1

cholinergic
contraction of smooth muscle in tx of urinary retention

Front 2

Neostigmine

Back 2

Cholinergic
(Reversible indirect action)Inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine remains in the synapse.
Inhibits cholinesterase enxyme

Improves muscle strength in myasthenia gravis.
Prevents post operative urinary retention or ileus
Reverses nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers.
Acts indirectly by binding to cholinesterase which breaks down acetylcholine.

Front 3

Edrophonium

Back 3

Cholinergic
(Tensilon) is similar and is used to diagnose Myasthenia gravis. (Tensilon test.)

Front 4

Organophosphates

Back 4

Cholinergic
Irreversible anti-cholinesterase agent.
Produces excessive stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors.
Cholinesterase is inactivated and acetylcholine remains in the cholinergic synapses.

Front 5

Atropine
two uses
Site of action
IV dose

Back 5

Anticholinergic
1. treatment of bradycardia
2. Causes cycloplegia
Blocks parasympathetic vagal stimulation.
Affects the cardiac sinoatrial node.

Front 6

Epinephrine

Back 6

Adrenergic
Management of airway disease,
allergic reaction and
cardiac arrest.

Front 7

Norepinephrine

Back 7

Adrenergic
Increase BP, cardiac output in shock.
Causes contraction of arterial smooth muscle

Front 8

Dopamine

Back 8

Adrenergic
Increase BP, cardiac output in shock and renal flow.

Hint 8

Dose dependant response.

Front 9

Albuterol

Back 9

Adrenergic
Beta 2 agonist
Bronchodilation

Front 10

Clonidine

Back 10

Adrenergic
Alpha 2 agonist
Centrally acting to decrease blood pressure.

Hint 10

Used in alcohol withdrawal to reduce blood pressure response.

Front 11

Clonidine

Back 11

Adrenergic
Alpha 2 agonist
Centrally acting to decrease blood pressure.
Decreases the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

Hint 11

Used in alcohol withdrawal to reduce blood pressure response.

Front 12

Doxazosin (Cardura)

Back 12

Anti-adrenergic
Treatment of hypertension
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Causes Vasodilation.
Blocks alpha 1 adrenergic receptors.

Front 13

Propranolol

Back 13

Antiadrenergic
Management of hypertension
Angina
Arrhythmias
Decreases heart rate and contractility.
Receptor type: Beta 1 and beta 2

Front 14

Labetalol

Back 14

Antiadrenergic
Antianginal,
anti-hypertension
Blocks stimulation of myocardial and pulmonary receptor sites.

Receptor type: Beta 1, Beta 2 and Alpha 1

Front 15

Atenolol

Back 15

Antiadrenergic
Management of hypertension
Heart rate.
Selective for Beta 1, (myocardial) receptors.

Front 16

Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

Back 16

Anticholinergic
Treatment of neurogenic bladder,frequency, urgency, nocturia,
incontinence.
Used for post prostate resection
Blocks acetylcholine in the bladder walls and sphincter so the bladder is less irritable.



urinary tract antispasmodic.

Front 17

Hyoscyamine (Levsin)

Back 17

Anticholinergic
Use: Control of GI, irritable bowel pain
Inhibits acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors.

Front 18

Procainamide

Back 18

To maintain NSR after conversion

Ventricular ectopic beats
Ventricular tachycardia
Slows conduction velocity. Prolongs refractory period.

Front 19

Quinidine

Back 19

Sodium channel blocker
To maintain NSR after conversion. Ventricular ectopic beats
Ventricular tachycardia
Slows conduction velocity. Prolongs refractory period.

Front 20

Lidocaine

Back 20

Sodium channel blocker
Supresses Ventricular arrhythmias Little or no effect on heart rate.

Front 21

Propranolol (Inderal)

Back 21

Antiadrenergic
Management of angina,
supraventricular tachycardia,
atrial fibrillation/flutter and
PSVT.
Blocks the sympathetic nervous system effect on the SA and AV nodes. increasing the refractory period.

Front 22

Esmolol

Back 22

Management of supraventricular tachycardia,
atrial fibrillation/flutter
Blocks the sympathetic nervous system effect on the SA and AV nodes

Front 23

Amiodarone

Back 23

Potassium channel blocker
IV use for Ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia.
PO use for recurrent ventricular tachycardia and to maintain NSR with atrial fibrillation/flutter.
Potassium cant get back into the cell, so slows repolarization.

Front 24

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Back 24

Calcium channel blocker
IV for PSVT
Supraventrical tachycardia
Atrial fib/flutter (ACLS)
Angina

Slows conduction and prolongs refractory period

Front 25

Verapamil

Back 25

Calcium channel blocker
Angina
PO for chronic suppression of PSVT and atrial fibrillation/flutter.
Slows conduction and prolongs refractory period

Front 26

Adenosine (Adenocard)

Back 26

Antiarrhythmic
Use: Restore NSR after PSVT .
MOA: Reduces conduction of AV node.

Front 27

Nitroglycerin

Back 27

Antianginal, Nitrate
Use: Angina and episodic chest pain.
MOA: Dilates smooth muscle.
Decreases pre and afterload.
Converts to nitric oxide which activates enzyme for cGMP. Causes decrease of Ca in smooth muscle.

Front 28

Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)

Back 28

Antianginal, Nitrate
Tx of angina and chronic CHF
Vasodialation

Front 29

Diltiazem

Back 29

Calcium channel blocker
Used to treat angina by dilating coronary artery and reducing work load of the heart.
Used for A. fib/flutter
Hypertension to decrease peripheral vascular resistance.

Front 30

Dopamine

Back 30

Adrenergic
Dose dependant:
Produce renal vasodialtion
Cardiac stimulation (Inotropic, increasing force)
Renal vasoconstriction

Front 31

Propofol (Diprivan)

Back 31

General anesthetic
Balanced general anesthesia,
Conscious sedation
Deep sedation.

Hint 31

fast acting,
full effect in 1-3 minutes.
Distribution half life is 2-8 minutes Elimination half life is 30-60

Front 32

Halothane (Fluothane)

Back 32

general anesthesia with rapid induction, rapid recovery.
No analgesic effect.
Doesn’t irritate the mucosa.
Can only be used one time.

Front 33

Isoflurane (Forane)

Back 33

General anesthesia with rapid induction, rapid recovery.
No analgesic effect.
No cardiac dysrhythmias or hepatotoxicity.

Doesn’t irritate the mucosa.

Front 34

Nitrous Oxide

Back 34

Use: Analgesic,
weak anesthetic,
Few adverse effects.
It cannot produce surgical anesthesia by itself.

Front 35

Midazolam (Versed)

Back 35

Benzodiazepine
Short acting
Reduces doses of opioid needed.
Used for preoperative sedation
induction and in general anesthesia. Maintenance of anesthesia in short procedures.
Rapid onset and short duration.

Front 36

Alfentanil (Alfenta)

Back 36

Opioid analgaesic
A fast acting opioid analgesic, anesthetic.

Front 37

Succinylcholine (Anectine)

Back 37

Neuromuscular blocking agent
Blocks the effect of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
Used to produce skeletal muscle paralysis.
Paralizes muscles of respiration,

Front 38

Pancuronium (Pavulon)

Back 38

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.
It is used for general anesthesia, intubation,compliance in mechanical ventilation.
Reversed by neostigmine
lasts about 60 minutes.
Blocks the effect of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

Front 39

Vecuronium (Norcuron)

Back 39

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.
Used for intubation
facilitating compliance in mechanical ventilation. It is
reversed by neostigmine,
lasts about 15-30 minutes.
Blocks the effect of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction so there is no muscle contraction.

Front 40

Bupivacaine (Marcaine)

Back 40

Anesthetic used in epidural.
Inhibits sensory nerve impulse by altering influx of sodium and efflux of potassium. Slows or stops pain sensation.

Front 41

Atropine

Back 41

anticholinergic
Prevent vagal effects during anesthesia (bradycardia, hypotension) Dries secretions.

Front 42

List the colinergic drugs

Back 42

Bethanechol
Neostigmine
Edrophonium

Hint 42

BNE

Front 43

List the anticholinergic drugs

Back 43

Atropine
Hyoscyamine
Oxybutynin

Hint 43

AHO

Front 44

List 4 nursing actions for anticholinergics

Back 44

1. Observe for tachycardia
2. CNS stimulation followed by CNS depression
3. Constipation
4. Urinary retention

Front 45

List nursing actions for cholinergic drugs

Back 45

Observe for theraputic effects
Micturation
Increadsed muscle strenth in myasthenia gravis

Hint 45

Neostigmine
Bethanechol
Edrophonium