Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Four groups of bronchodilators?
|
adrenergics
anticholinergics leukotriene antagonists xanthines |
|
|
Eight adrenergics?
|
albuterol
epinephrine formoterol levalbuterol metaproterenol pirbuterol salmeterol terbutaline |
|
|
One anticholinergic?
|
ipratropium
|
|
|
Three leukotriene antagonists?
|
montelukast
zafirlukast zileuton |
|
|
Two xanthines?
|
aminophylline
theophylline |
|
|
What is the general use of bronchodilators?
|
treatment of REVERSIBLE airway obstruction due to asthma or COPD
|
|
|
For management of asthma, use rapid-acting inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators as acute relievers of bronchospasm...not ______
|
salmeterol
|
|
|
Repeated or chronic use indicates the need for additional long-term control agents, including? (4)
|
inhaled corticosteroids
mast cell stabilizers long-acting bronchodilators (oral theophylline or beta-agonists) leukotriene modifiers (montelukast, zafirlukast) |
|
|
Beta-adrenergic agonists:
albuterol epinephrine isoproterenol metaproterenol pirbuterol terbutaline these produce ________ by stimulating the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) |
bronchodilation
|
|
|
Newer agents:
albuterol metaproterenol pirbuterol terbutaline these are relatively SELECTIVE for pulmonary receptors which are 1._____ receptors, whereas older agents produce cardiac stimulation which are 2.____-_____ effects in ADDITION to bronchodilation. |
1. beta2
2. beta2-adrenergic |
|
|
Onset of action allows use in management of acute attacks except for the agent _____, which has delayed onset.
|
salmeterol
|
|
|
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (name 2) inhibit the breakdown of cAMP.
|
aminophylline
theophylline |
|
|
Ipratropium is an anticholinergic compound that produces bronchodilation by blocking the action of _______ in the _____ tract.
|
acetylcholine
respiratory |
|
|
Leukotrienes (name 3) are components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis A (SRS-A), which may be a cause of bronchospasm.
|
montelukast
zafirlukast zileuton |
|
|
Contraindications?
|
hypersensitivity to:
agents preservatives (bisulfites) propellants used in their formuation avoid use in uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias |
|
|
Use cautiously in patients with? (3)
|
diabetes
cardiovascular disease hyperthyroidism |
|
|
Therapeutic effectiveness may be antagonized by concurrent use of ___ ____.
|
beta blockers
|
|
|
Additive sympathomimetic effects with other adrenergic (sympathetic drugs, including _____ and ______.
|
vasopressors
decongestants |
|
|
Cardiovascular effects may be potentiated by _____ and ____ ____.
|
antidepressants
MAO inhibitors |
|
|
What 5 things should be assessed before and throughout bronchodilator therapy?
|
blood pressure
pulse respiration lung sounds character of secretions |
|
|
Patients taking bronchodilators and with a history of a cardiovascular problem should be monitored for ____ changes and ____ pain.
|
ECG
chest |
|
|
List 3 potential nursing diagnoses?
|
Airway clearance, ineffective
Activity intolerance Knowledge, deficient, related to disease processes and medication regimen |
|
|
IMPLEMENTATION:
Administer around the clock to maintain therapeutic ______ levels. |
plasma
|
|
|
Emphasize the importance of taking only the prescribed dose at the prescribed time intervals.
|
okay
|
|
|
Encourage the patient to drink adequate liquids (______ ml/day minimum) to decrease the viscosity of the airway secretions.
|
2000 ml/day
|
|
|
Advise patient to avoid _____ cough, cold or breathing preparations without consulting hcp and to minimize intake of xanthine-containing foods or beverages (colas, coffee, and chocolate), as these may increase side effects and cause arrhythmias.
|
OTC
|
|
|
Caution patient to avoid _____ and other respiratory irritants.
|
smoking
|
|
|
Instrut patient on proper use of metered-dose _____.
|
inhaler
|
|
|
Advise patient to contact hcp promptly if the usual dose of medication fails to produce the desired results, symptoms worsen after treatment, or toxic effects occur.
|
okay
|
|
|
Patients using other inhalation medications and ______ should be advised to use _____ first and allow 5 min to elpase before administering the other medication, unless otherwise directed by hcp.
|
bronchodilators
bronchodilator |
|
|
EVALUATION:
Effectiveness of therapy can be demonstrated by? |
Decreased bronchospasm.
Increased ease of breathing. |
