Drug Cards Chap 4 Pharmacology For Health Professionals

Front 1

acetylcholine

Back 1

a neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 2

acetylcholinesterase

Back 2

a neurotransmitter that inactivates acetylcholine

Front 3

adrenergic drugs

Back 3

drugs with effects similar to those that that occur in the body when the adrenergic nerves are stimulated

Front 4

adrenergic blocking drugs

Back 4

drugs that impede certain sympathetic nervous system functions

Front 5

autonomic nervous system

Back 5

the branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls functions essential for survival

Front 6

cardiac arrhythmia

Back 6

irregular heartbeat

Front 7

central nervous system

Back 7

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Front 8

cholinergic blocking drugs

Back 8

drugs that impede certain parasympathetic nervous system functions

Front 9

cholinergic drugs

Back 9

drugs that mimic the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 10

cholinergic crisis

Back 10

cholinergic drug toxicity

Front 11

first dose effect

Back 11

an unusually strong therapeutic effect experienced by some patients with the first dose of medication

Front 12

glaucoma

Back 12

an eye condition in which a blockage of drainage channels within the eye results in increased intraocular pressure that may lead to blindness

Front 13

myasthenia gravis

Back 13

a disease that causes fatigue of skeletal muscles because of the lack of acetylcholine released at the nerve endings of parasympathetic nerve fibers

Front 14

neurotransmitter

Back 14

a chemical substance, also called neurohormone, released at nerve endings to help transmit nerve impulses

Front 15

orthostatic hypertension

Back 15

a feeling of light-headedness and dizziness after suddenly changing position, caused by a decrease in blood pressure when a person sits or stands

Front 16

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 16

a branch of the autonomic nervous system partly responsible for activities such as slowing the heart rate, digesting food, and eliminating body wastes

Front 17

peripheral nervous system

Back 17

all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, connecting all parts of the body with the central nervous system

Front 18

postural hypotension

Back 18

a feeling of lightheadedness and dizziness after suddenly changing from a lying to sitting or standing position, or from a sitting to a standing postion

Front 19

shock

Back 19

a life threatening condition occuring when the supply of arterial blood flow and oxygen to the tissues and cells is inadequate

Front 20

somatic nervous system

Back 20

branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls sensation and voluntary movement

Front 21

sympathetic nervous system

Back 21

branch of the autonomic nervous system that regulates the expendature of energy and has key effects in stressful situations

Front 22

vasopressor

Back 22

a drug that raises the blood pressure because it constricts blood vessels

Front 23

adrenergic drugs-synthetic neurohormones Epinephrine and norepinephrine--mimic activity of sympathetic nervous system. Effects similar to those that occur when the adrenergic nerves are stimulated.

Back 23

metaraminol (Aramine)
isoproterenol (Isuprel)
ephedrine
synthetic adrenergics
primary effects occur in the heart, the blood vessels, and smooth muscle such as the bronchi

Front 24

adrenergic blocking drugs
impede sympathetic nervous system functions.

Back 24

four classes of adrenergic blocking drugs block four different sets of nerves, have four related but different actions

Front 25

cholinergic drugs--mimic activity of parasympathetic nervous system.

Back 25

limited usefulness due to adverse reactions

Front 26

cholinergic blocking drugs-- block action of neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system

Back 26

anticholinergics have numerous effects because parasympathetic nerves control many areas of the body

Front 27

somatic nervous system--sensory part sends messages to brain about internal and external environment--heat, cold, pain, pressure

Back 27

voluntary part controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Front 28

Two divisions of peripheral nervous system

Back 28

Somatic and autonomic

Front 29

The somatic branch of peripheral nervous system controls two things

Back 29

Sensation and voluntary movement

Front 30

autonomic branch of peripheral nervous system controls what?

Back 30

functions essential for life: blood pressure, heart rate, gastrointestinal activity, and glandular secretions

Front 31

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Back 31

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 32

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Back 32

regulates the expenditure of energy and has key effects when one is confronted with stressful situations--danger, intense emotion or severe illness

Front 33

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Back 33

helps conserve body energy and is partly responsible for activities such as slowing the heart rate, digesting food and eliminating body wastes

Front 34

What are the neurotransmitters of the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system?

Back 34

Epinephrine, secreted by the adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine, secreted mainly at nerve endings of sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves.

Front 35

What are the neurotransmitters of the parasympathetic (cholinergic) nervous system.

Back 35

acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Front 36

Where are three places parasympathetic neurotransmitters ACh and AChE are released?

Back 36

1)nerve endings of parasympathethic nerve fibers
2)some nerve endings of sympathetic nerves
3) nerve endings of skeletal muscles

Front 37

How do parasympathetic nerves transmit impulses?

Back 37

a stimulated nerve fiber releases ACh, the impulse travels to the effector organ or structure. After crossing, ACh is destroyed by AChE

Front 38

What are the effects of the ANS on the heart?

Back 38

Sympathetic (andrinergic)- Increased heart rate, muscle contractility, increase in speed of atrioventricular conduction. Parasympathetic (cholinergic)- decreased heart rate and muscle contractility

Front 39

What are the actions of the ANS on blood vessels in the skin, mucous membranes and skeletal muscle?

Back 39

S (A) Constriction
skeletal muscle-usually dilation

Front 40

What are the actions of ANS on bronchial muscles?

Back 40

S (A) relaxation
P (C) Contraction

Front 41

What are the actions of ANS on GI structures?

Back 41

S (A) sphincters usually contract, gallbladder relaxes
P (C) muscle motility, tone decrease--increased; sphincters relax, gallbladder contracts

Front 42

What are the actions of ANS on the urinary bladder?

Back 42

S (A) detrusor muscle relaxes, trigone, sphincter muscles contract
P (C) opposite

Front 43

What are the actions of ANS on the eye?

Back 43

S (A) radial muscle of iris contracts, pupil dilates
P (C) sphincter muscle of iris contracts, pupil constricts. ciliary muscle contracts

Front 44

What are the actions of ANS on the skin?

Back 44

S (A) sweating in localized areas and goosebumps (pilomotor muscles)
P (C)

Front 45

What are the actions of ANS on the salivary glands, liver, lacrimal and nasopharyngeal glands?

Back 45

S (A) thickens saliva, initiates glycogenolysis, and emission
P (C) copious, watery saliva, increased secretion of tears and rhinitus, Erection