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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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brand names: pepcid
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generic name: famotidine
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what is the drug class of pepcid
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histamine h2 antagonist
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what is the use of pepcid
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gerd, pud, aspiration pna prophylasix
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what is the mechanism of action of pepcid
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block the h2 receptor on parietal cells->decrease gastric secretion
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what is the dose of pepcid
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20-40 mg (po), 20 mg iv
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what is the onset of pepcid
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po(within 1 hr), 30 minutes (iv)
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what is the duration of pepcid
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10-12 hrs
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whats the adverse reactions of pepcid
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ha, dizzy, diarrhea, constipation. agitation and vomiting in peds (14%)
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what is the di of pepcid
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increase level of digoxin and dapsone , decrease level of ketoconazole
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contraindication of pepcid
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renal impairment,prolonged qt drugs
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how is pepcid metabolized?
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liver
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sodium citrate
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bicitra
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drug class for bicitra
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nonparticulate antiacid, alkalizing agent
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indications for bicitra
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aspiration pna prophylasix, alkaline urine
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mechanism of action of bicitra
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neutralizing gastric fluid to form water
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induction dose of bicitra
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5-15 cc of .3 mol ,dilute up to 6 oz water/juice, usually 15-30 min prior to induction
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onset of bicitra
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5-10 min
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duration of bicitra
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30-60 minutes
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adverse rxn of bicitra
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n/v/diarrahea,stomach pain,fluid retension, hypoca
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drug interaction of bicitra
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decrease reabsorption in digoxin, tagamet, randitine, increase elimination of phenobarbital
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contraindication of bicitra
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renal impairment, sodium restricted diet
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metabolism of bicitra
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liver to active bicarb, excrete to urine
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generic name :clonidine
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brand name:catapres
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drug class of clonidine
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alpha 2 agonist, Centrally acting analgesic
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use of clonidine
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hypertension, cancer pain, adjunct for epidural infusion
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mechanism of action of clonidine
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presynaptic alpha 2 agonist. stimulate alpha 2 receptor->dec catecholamine in synapse-> decrease svr, decrease renal vascular resistance, decrease hr, bp
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dosage of clonidine
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initial dose: 0.1 mg po-0.2, additional dose of 0.1 mg q 1 hr prn ( max 0.6 mg total dose)
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onset of clonidine
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30-60 min
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duration of clonidine
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6-12 hrs
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adverse of reaction of clonidine
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sedation,dizzy,bradycardia,av block, dec bp
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drug interaction of clonidine
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level of clonidine is decreased by antidepressant, ssri, tca(doxepin), bradycardia is result when given with diltiazem.
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contraindication of clonidine
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hemodynamic instable patient, caution with mi, coronary insufficiency
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how is clonidine metabolized
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liver
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generic name :vecoronium
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brand name:norcuron
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drug of class of vecoronium
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nondepolarized nmb
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use of vecoronium
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induce muscle relaxation for ETT, relax skeletal muscles during surgery
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mechanism of action of vecoronium
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block acetylcholine from binding to receptors on motor endplate inhibit depolarization
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dose for vecoronium
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0.08-0.12 mg/kg
rsi-0.3-0.4 mg/kg infusion-1-2 mcg/kg/min PEDIATRIC:0.1 mg/kg |
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onset for vecoronium
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3-5 min
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duration for vecoronium
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20-40 min
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adverse rxn for vecoronium
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prolong apnea, bradycardia, cv collapse, bronchospasm, acute quad myopathy syndrome(prolong use)
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drug interaction of vecoronium
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dysrrythmia with theophylline. increase levels of vecoronium when given with ketorlac,lasix, aminoglycoside, ccb
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contraindications with vecoronium
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hepatic dx, no vent support
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metabolism of vecoronium
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liver (40-60%) to active metabolite, bile(40-75%)>renal elimination(30%)
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generic :ondansetron
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us brand name:zofran
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drug class of ondansetron
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antiemetic,selective 5ht3 blocker
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use of ondansetron
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ponv,give at the end of sx
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mechanism of action for ondansetron
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selective block serotonin 5 ht3 receptor, both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals, and centrally in CTZ
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dosing of ondansetron
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4 mg iv q 4-8 hrs
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onset of ondansetron
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30 min
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duration of ondansetron
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4-8 hrs
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adverse rxn of ondansetron
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headache (if given rapid), malaise, fatigue, constipation, ++pain on injection,prolong QT
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di of ondansetron
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Zofran will increase level of apomorphone,Quinine, prolong QT agents, dronedarone
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contraindications of ondansetron
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hepatic impairment (dec dose), prolong qt drugs
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metabolism of ondansetron
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liver (p450)
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generic name: ephedrine
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brand name: ephedra
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drug class of ephedrine
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alpha/beta agonist
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use of ephedrine
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anesthesia induced hypotension, bronchospasm,nasal congestion
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mechanism of action of ephedrine
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b1 agonist,weak alpha agonist b1>b2, a1
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dose of ephedrine
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IV: 5-25 mg SLOW IV bolus
child : 0.1 mg/kg SLOW IV bolus |
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onset of ephedrine
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immediate
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duration of ephedrine
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1 hr
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adverse rxn of ephedrine
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tachyphylaxis, htn, tachycardia, mi, arrythmia,cp
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di of ephedrine
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ephedrine levels increased by antacid, MOAI, SSRI.
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contraindication of ephedrine
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htn,cva,thyrotoxicosis, dm, preg women >130/>80, arrythmia, narrow angle glaucoma
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metabolism of ephedrine
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liver
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generic name:metoclopramide
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brand name:reglan
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DRUG class of reglan
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antiemetic,prokinetic
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use of reglan
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prevent opioid induced decreased GI motility during post op, PONV, GERD
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mechanism of reglan
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block dopamine & serotonin in ctz, peripherally enhance ach in upper gi tissue->enhance motility, emptying
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dose of reglan
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10-20 mg IV/IM
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onset of reglan
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3-5 min
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duration of reglan
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1-2 hrs
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adverse of reglan
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tardive dyskinesia,sedation,fatigue,sz, bradycardia,drowsy
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di of reglan
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atropine, glycopyrolate block prokinetic of reglan, MOAI(excess release NT), reglan decrease digoxin and tagamet level, prolong nmb when given with sux
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contraindications of reglan
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gi obstruction, pheochromocytoma, hx of sz
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metabolism of reglan
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liver(85%)
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generic name: scopolamine
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brand: scopace
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drug class of scopolamine
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anticholinergic agent, antiemetic
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use of scopolamine
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prevent ponv, reversal, antispasmotic, motion sickness
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mechanism of scopolamine
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anticholinergic, competitive block of ach at muscarinic receptor.block histamine and serotonin
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dose of scopolamine
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0.3-0.65 mg iv/im/sq (give it 30-60 min prior to induction)
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onset of scopolamine
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15 min- 1 hr(PO), IV (10 min)
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duration of scopolamine
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4 hrs
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adverse of scopolamine
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dry mouth, dizzy, confusion, blurry vision, pruritis, tachycardia
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di of scopolamine
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increase level of scopolamine by droperidol, pramlintide.
scopolamine can increase levels of ssri, anticholinergic. |
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contraindication of scopolamine
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closed angled glaucoma, gi obstruction, paralytic ileus,tachycardia secondary to thyrotoxicosis, Mitral stenosis
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metabolism of scopolamine
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liver
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generic name is lorazepam
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brand name is ativan
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drug class of ativan
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benzodiazepine
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use of ativan
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anxiolysis,sedation,status epil.,amnesia, preanesthesia
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mechanism of action for ativan
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bind to benzodiazepine receptor on postsynaptic GABA-> cl- influx-> hyperpolarization. enhance inhibitory effect of GABA. GABAmimetic
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dosage of ativan
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iv sedation (0.03-0.04 mg/kg iv)
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onset of ativan
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slowest (1-5 min
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duration of ativan
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6-8 hr
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adverse rxn of ativan
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resp depression,hypotension, confusion, rash
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di of ativan
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increase cns depression with st. john wort, alcohol.
increase levels of ativan by loxapine, droperidol. |
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contraindications of ativan
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severe hypotension, sleep apnea, acute narrow angle glaucoma, preg, resp depression
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metabolism of ativan
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hepatic to inactive compound. excrete by urine & feces. protein binding: 85%
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generic name:ketorolac
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brand name:toradol
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drug class of ketorolac
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nsaid
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use of ketorolac
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short term moderate-serve acute pain, favorable alternative to opioid for postop analgesia
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mechanism of action of ketorolac
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inhibit cox1+2->prevent conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (antipyretic,analgesia, antiinflammatory)
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dose of ketorolac
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60 mg IM /30 mg IV.
PEDIATRIC: 0.5 mg/kg followed by 0.25-1 mg/kg q 6 hr (max 90 mg/day) |
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onset of ketorolac
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<1 min, 10 min (IM)
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duration of ketorolac
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6-8 hrs
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adverse of ketorolac
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HA,inhibit platelet aggregation, inc bleeding, renal toxicity, GIB,
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di of ketorolac
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ketorolac increase level of :ASA,NSAID, aminoglycoside, anticoag.
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contraindications of ketaloc
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l&d, breastfeed, renal impairment, active GIB, cerebrovascular bleeding
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metabolism of ketalorac
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liver
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generic name: phenylephrine
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brand name:neosynephrine
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drug class of phenylephrine
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adrenergic agonist, vasopressor
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use of phenylephrine
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hypotension, shock
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mech of action of phenylephrine
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alpha 1 agonist, potent and direct acting
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dose of phenylephrine
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100-500 microgram iv bolus
continous dose:0.4-9.1 mcg/kg/min (shock) |
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onset of phenylephrine
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immediate
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duration of phenylephrine
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15-30 min
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adverse of phenylephrine
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htn,reflex bradycardia, resp. distress, dec renal perfusion
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di of phenylephrine
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level of neo increase by MAOI, Tricyclic antidepressant, sympathomimetics
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contraindication of phenylephrine
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severe HTN,VT, close angle glaucoma
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metabolism of neo
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liver,intestine with monoamine oxidase
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generic name:edrophonium
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brand name:tensilon,enlon
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drug class of edrophonium
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acetylcholinesterase inhibitor,anticholinergic agent
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use of edrophonium
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reversal of nondepolarizing NMB, Dx of myasthenia gravis
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mechanism of action of edrophonium
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inhibit destruction of ACH by achcholinesterase->inc cholinergic responses
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dose of edrophonium
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0.5-1 mg/kg IV
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onset of edrophonium
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most rapid (1-2 min)
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duration of edrophonium
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5-20 mins
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adverse of edrophonium
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arrythmia( bradycardia), av block,increase salivation, decrease bp, laryngospasm, SZ
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di of edrophonium
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decrease level of nondepolarizing NMB. edrophonium increase levels of BB, Succinylcholine, Cholinergic agonist
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contraindications of edrophonium
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gi/gu obstruction,allergy to sulfites
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metabolism of edrophonium
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liver
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