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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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strychnine
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-rat poison
-use reported in boxers, possibly to make them more aggressive and keep them from tiring quickly some use of it in world competition may have continued into the 1960s |
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1904 St. Louis Olympic marathon winner
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-fueled by a mixture of brandy and strychnine
-collapsed and had to be reviewed after the race |
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cocaine as a performance enhancer
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-available beginning in the 1800s
-Mariani's coca wine was used by the French cycling team -athletes later used pure cocaine |
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"doping"
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-initially referred to a cheap brandy given to racing dogs and horses to slow them down
-term came to refer to the opposite-an effort to improve rather than impair performance |
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amphetamines use as a performance enhancer
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-more potent than caffeine
-safer than strychnine -reported as the use of "pep pills" by boxers, cyclists, and soccer players -1950s: many reports and deaths in olympics -1960 Rome Olympics: one cyclist died, several others hospitalized because of it |
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caffeine as a performance enhancer
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-athletes may have used coffee and/or pure caffeine
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ergogenic
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-producing work or energy
-a general term for performance enhancement |
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physical effects of natural steroids
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-androgenic
-anabolic |
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androgenic effects
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-masculinizing
-growth of the penis and other male sex organs -deepening of voice -increased facial hair |
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anabolic effects
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-tissue building
-increased muscle mass -control of the distribution of body fat -increased protein synthesis -increased calcium in bones |
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synthetic anabolic steroids
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-drug companies synthesized types of steroids that have fewer of the androgenic effects and more of anabolic effects of steroids
-not entirely free of androgenic effects |
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active placebo effect
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-a belief in the power of steriods
-one can "feel" them working |
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Human Growth Hormone
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a pituitary hormone responsible for some types of giantism
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creatine
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-a natural substance found in meat and fish
-sold legally as a dietary supplement -helps regenerate ATP-provides anergy for muscle contractions -users gain weight-water weight -may improve strength and short-term speed in sprinting -no evidence for improvement in longer-distance events -appears relatively safe, but not much is known about long-term use, especially in high doses |
