Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
drug abuse
|
non-medical use of a substance for any of the following reasons:
1. psychic effect 2. dependence 3. suicide attempt/gesture |
|
|
self-administration
|
the end result of drug-seeking behavior; animal models
(used to test abuse liability) |
|
|
abuse liability
|
the chance a drug will be abused
|
|
|
tolerance
|
the effect of a specific dosage decreases with repeated administration, or a higher dosage is needed to produce the same effect with repeated administration
|
|
|
dispositional tolerance
|
due to changes in the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism and/or elimination)
|
|
|
pharmacodynamic tolerance
|
due to adaptive changes in the affected systems (down regulation of receptors or compensatory physiological changes)
|
|
|
behavioral tolerance
|
individual alters their behavior in order to adapt or compensate for the presence of a drug
|
|
|
cross tolerance
|
if you are tolerant to 1 drug in a category, you are tolerant to everything with the same MOA
|
|
|
dependence
|
should replace the word "addiction"
|
|
|
physical dependence
|
defined by the presence of a withdrawal or abstinence syndrome, which is characterized by signs and symptoms usually opposite to those produced by the acute administration of the drug
NOT ALL DRUGS OF ABUSE PRODUCE PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE) |
|
|
behavioral/psychological dependence
|
enduring problem with drug abuse and can occur independently of physical dependence; all drugs have a psychological "drug-seeking" behavior
ALL DRUGS HAVE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE |
|
|
cross dependence
|
dependence on all other drugs in the same category, MOA
|
|
|
polydrug abuse
|
very few drug users who abuse only a single drug
|
|
|
categories of drugs that can produce dependence
|
1. cannabinoids
2. CNS stimulants 3. dissociative anesthetics (psychotomimetics) 4. hallucinogens 5. opioids 6. synthetic opioids 7. sedative-hypnotics (CNS depressants) 8. volatile intoxicants 9. nicotine |
|
|
cannabinoids
|
cannabis, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, hashish, anandamide
MOA: CB1 and CB2 receptors Phys dep: no Psyc dep: yes Tx: rimonabant=antag |
|
|
CNS stimulants
|
1. Amines
a. d, l-amphetamine (Benzedrine) b. d-amphetamine (Dexedrine) c. diethlypropion (Tenuate) d. methamphetamine (Methadrine) e. methylphenidate (Ritalin) f. phenmetrazine (Preludin) g. phentermine (Ionamin) 2. Other- caffeine, cocaine, ephedrine MOA: increase DA, NE, SNS (anti SLUDE) Phys dep: mild psych dep: yes tx: antidepressants for dependence |
|
|
dissociative anesthetics (psychotomimetics)
|
ketamine (Ketaset, Ketalar), phencyclidine (PCP)
MOA: decrease glutimate (major excitatory neuron) phys dep: yes and life threatening withdrawal psych dep: yes tx: benzo for withdrawal or life support for OD |
|
|
hallucinogens
|
1. Tryptamines
a. dimethlytryptamine (DMT) b. harmine c. lysergic acid (LSD) d. psilocin e. psilocybin 2. phenethylamines a. dimethoxymethylamphetamin (DOM) b. mescaline (peyote) 4. anticholinergics a. atropine b. ditran c. scopolamine MOA: 5-HT2a receptors; anticholinergic (scopolamine, atropine) phys dep: no psych dep: yes tx: 5-HT2a antag |
|
|
opioids
|
1. opiates
a. codeine b. dihydrocodeine c. heroin d. hydrocodone (Vicodin, Dicodid, Hycodan) e. hyrdomorphone (Dilauded) f. morphine g. oxycodone (Percodan, Percocet, Oxycontin) h. oxymorphone (Numorphan) 2. synthetic opioids a. alphaprodine (Nisentil) b. anileridine (Laritine) c. butorphanol (Stadol) d. levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran) e. meperidine (Demerol) f. methadone (Dolophin) g. methadyl acedate (acetlymethadol) h. nalbuphine (Nubain) i. pentazocine (Talwin) MOA: mu receptor ag phys dep: no psych dep: yes tx: Narcan- for OD, methadone- for dependence, naltrexon- for antag therapy |
|
|
sedative-hypnotics (CNS depressants)
|
1. barbs
2. benzos MOA: positive GABAa modulators phys dep: yes,life threatening psych dep: yes tx: life support- OD alcohol, antag for benzo, cross tolerance |
|
|
volatile intoxicants
|
1. anesthetics
a. ether b. nitrous oxide 2. solvents 3. amyl nitrate MOA: not sure, but you can see some tolerance with CNS depressant-like GABA-like phys dep: no psych dep: yes tx: life support for OD |
|
|
therapies for drug dependence
|
substitution therapy- methadone
antagonist therapy- naltrexone contingency therapy- disulfram |
