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171 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LITERAL MEANING OF MICROBIOLOGY
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STUDY OF SMALL LIFE
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TRADITIONAL DEFINITION OF MICROBIOLOGY
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STUDY OF WHAT IS TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN WITH THE NAKED EYE.
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THE BASICS OF MICROBIOLOGY ARE ( 5)
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BACTERIA, FUNGI, VIRUSES, PROTOZOANS, ALGAE
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MORE ADVANCED MICROBIOLOGY STUDIES ___________
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PARASITE WORMS AND PARASITE INSECTS
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ARE VIRUSES LIVING?
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NO, VIRUSES ARE NOT LIVING
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USUALLY MICROBIOLOGY DEALS WITH THINGS WE CAN'T SEE....GIVE TWO EXAMPLES THAT DON'T MEET THAT CRITERIA
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MUSHROOMS ( FUNGI) AND SEAWEED (ALGAE) CAN BE SEEN WITH OUR EYES
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NAME OF THE PERSON WHO FORMED THE IDEA THAT THERE WERE MICROBES THAT CAUSED DISEASE
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LUCRETIOUS
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1ST PERSON TO USE A CRUDE MICROSCOPE.......POWER OF MICROSCOPE.....ITEMS THAT HE DESCRIBED,,AND 2 EXAMPLES
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ANTHONY VANLEEUWENHOEK 300X BACTERIA, PROTOZOANS, PEOPLES TEETH AND FECAL MATTER
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PERSON WHO CAME UP WITH THE IDEA OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
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ARISTOTLE
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DEFINITION OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION:
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LIVING THINGS CAN ARISE FROM NON-LIVING MATTER. EX. MAGGOTS ARISING FROM MEAT.
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PERSON THAT CHALLENGED ARISTOTLES IDEA OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
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FRANCESCO REDI
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WHAT WAS FRANCESCO REDIS HYPOTHESIS
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MAGGOTS ARISE FROM FLY EGGS...NOT SPONTANEOUS GENERATION.
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WHAT KIND OF EXPERIMENT DID FRANCESCO REDI CONDUCT
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3 JARS COVERED WITH NOTHING, PAPER, GAUZE....FRANCESCO REDI PROVED HIS THEORY.
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FRANCESCO REDIS FINDINGS WERE LATER DEFINED AS ___________
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BIOGENESIS
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DEFINITION OF BIOGENESIS
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LIVING THINGS ARISE FROM PRE-EXISTING LIVING CELLS
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WHO CAME UP WITH THE OBSERVATION OF BEEF BROTH TURNING CLOUDY
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JOHN NEEDHAM
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WHAT WAS JOHN NEEDHAMES HYPOTHESIS
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MICROBES ARISE FROM PRE-EXISTING MICROBES IN THE FLASK AND FROM THE AIR
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WHAT WAS THE CONCLUSION OF JOHN NEEDHAMS EXPERIMENT
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SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
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WHAT PROBLEMS CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH JOHN NEEDHAMS EXPERIMENT
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BROTH WASN'T BOILED LONG ENOUGH (NEEDS 1 HR) FLASK WASN'T COVERED DURING COOLING PERIOD
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THE PERSON WHO IMPROVED JOHN NEEDHAMS EXPERIMENT
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SPALLANZANI
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WHAT IMPROVEMENTS DID SPALLAZANI MAKE TO JOHN NEEDHAMS EXPERIMENT
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CAPPED FLASK IMMEDIATELY BOILED 45-60 MINUTES WAITED 1-2 DAYS
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WHAT WAS THE CONCLUSION OF SPALLAZANIS EXPERIMENT
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BIOGENESIS,,,,NOT SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
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WHY DID SOME PEOPLE REJECT SPALLAZANIS EXPERIMENT CONCLUSIONS
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THEY THOUGH "NOTHING" CAN SURVIVE WITHOUT AIR.
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WHO CREATED THE SWAN NECKED FLASK
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LOUIS PASTEUR
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WHAT IS THE CONCLUSION OF LOUIS PASTEURS SWAN NECK FLASK EXPERIMENT
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BIOGENESIS
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HE NOTICED PATIENTS WERE DYING OF POST SURGICAL INFECTIONS
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JOSEPH LISTER
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DESCRIBE JOSEPH LISTERS EXPERIMENT
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HEAT WAS USED TO CLEAN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, AND PHENOL WAS USED ON SURGICAL TABLE, IN AIR, AND ON WOUND DRESSINGS
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RESULT ( CONCLUSION) OF JOSEPH LISTERS EXPERIMENT
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MICROBES CAUSE INFECTIONS...INFECTIONS WERE REDUCED
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ROBERT KOCH SHOWED A DIRECT LINK BETWEEN WHAT
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THE BACTERIUM BACILLUS ANTHRACIS, AND THE DISEASE ANTHRAX.
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ROBERT KOCH STARTED LOOKING AT THE DEATHS OF WHAT ANIMALS
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COWS
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DEFINITION OF KOCHS POSTULATES
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SET OF RULES FOR ESTABLISHING A LINK BTWN A PARTICULAR MICROBE AND A DISEASE.
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW KOCHS POSTULATES ARE BEING USED TODAY
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SARS
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TB, TETNOUS, MALERIA...HOW DID WE FIND OUT WHAT WAS CAUSING THEM
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KOCHS POSTULATES,,,THEN YOU CAN SEARCH FOR THE CURE.
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(1) THINGS THAT KOCHS POSTULATES CAN'T BE MET FOR,,AND AN EXAMPLE
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MICROBE CANT BE GROWN IN LAB OR IN PURE CULTURE ( BACTERIUM THAT CAUSE SYPHILIS)
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1 THING KOCHS POSTULATE CANT BE MET FOR
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DISEASE NOT CAUSED BY MICROBES ( GENETIC DISEASE)
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1 THING KOCHS POSTULATE CANT BE MET FOR
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DISEASE THAT ONLY OCCURS IN HUMANS ( GHONORHEA)
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1 THING KOCHS POSTULATE CANT BE MET FOR
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DISEASES THAT ARE CAUSED BY MULTIPLE MICROBES ( DIARRHEA)
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1ST PERSON TO DEVELOP MEDIA TO GROW CULTURES ON ( PETRI DISHES)
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ROBERT KOCH
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FIRST VACCINATIONS....SCIENTIST
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EDWARD JENNER
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EDWARD JENNER DEALT WITH WHAT 2 DISEASES
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SMALL POX AND COW POX
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WHAT WAS EDWARD JENNERS HYPOTHESIS
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IF YOU GET COW POX,,,YOU CAN'T GET SMALL POX
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DESCRIBE EDWARD JENNERS EXPERIMENT
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TOOK SCAB SCRAPINGS FROM A MILKMAIDS COWPOX LESIONS & INNOCULATED THEM INTO AN INCISION ON YOUNG BOYS.
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RESULT OF EDWARD JENNERS EXPERIMENT
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BOYS DIDN'T GET SMALLPOX,,,EVEN WHEN EDWARD JENNER INNOCULATED THEM WITH SMALLPOX SCRAPINGS.
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WHO STUDIED CHICKEN CHOLERA
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PASTEUR AND CHAMBERLAND
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WHAT WAS THE CONCLUSION OF PASTEUR AND CHAMBERLANDS STUDY
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OLD CHOLERA WAS TOO WEAK TO CAUSE DISEASE, BUT ALLOWED PROTECTION AGAINST STRONG MICROBE.
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WHO COINED THE TERM VACCINATION
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PASTEUR
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WHO WAS PASTEUR HONORING WITH THE TERM "VACCINATION"
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IN HONOR OF EDWARD JENNERS WORK WITH COWPOX AND SMALLPOX.
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ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS...WHO TRIED TO FIND A CURE FOR SYPHILIS
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PAUL EHRLICH
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WHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG THAT PAUL EHRLICH DISCOVERED IN 1906
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SALVARSAN SALVA=SALVATION ARSAN=ARSANIC
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WHAT # FORMULATION WAS USED FOR A SHORT TIME TO TREAT SYPHILIS
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606 TH FORMULA ...TOO TOXIC,,,USE WAS THEN STOPPED
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WHO DISCOVERED PENICILLAN
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ALEXANDER FLEMMING... IN 1928
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ALEXANDER FLEMMING STUDIED STAPHYLOCOCCUS...
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CULTURE BECAME CONTAMINATED BY MOLD,,,THAT MOLD INHIBITED THE GROWTH OF THE STAPHYLOCOCCUS,,THAT MOLD SECRETED PENICILLAN TO INHIBIT BACTERIA
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MOST MICROBES ARE EITHIER ONE OF THESE TWO....
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PROCARYOTES OR EUCARYOTES
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DEFINE...PROCARYOTES
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"BEFORE KERNEL" LACK A TRUE NUCLEUS (BACTERIA ONLY)
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DEFINE EUCARYOTES
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"TRUE NUCLEUS" TRUE NUCLEUS IS PRESENT
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GIVE 4 EXAMPLES OF EUCARYOTES
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PROTOZOA, FUNGI, ALGAE, HUMANS
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DON'T HAVE A CELL STRUCTURE,,ARE NEITHIER A PROCARYOTE OR EUCARYOTE
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VIRUSES
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WHAT IS THE AVERAGE CELL SIZE OF A PROCARYOTIC CELL
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0.2---2.0 MM IN DIAMETER
2.0---8.0 MM IN LENGTH |
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EXAMPLE OF PROCARYOTIC CELL SIZES
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B CEREUS (SMALLER) VS B MEGATERIUM (LARGER)
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CELL SIZE IS COMMONLY USED TO DIFFERENTIATE OR ID DIFFERENT SPECIES OF BACTERIA
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NOTE
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PATTERN CREATED WHEN CELLS DIVIDE
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CELL ARRANGEMENT
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CELL ARRANGEMENTS FOR COCCUS ( ROUND ) CELLS
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SINGLE..CELLS DON'T REMAIN ATT AFTER DIV
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PAIRS OF COCCUS CELLS ARE CALLED
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DIPLOCOCCUS
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CHAINS OF COCCUS CELLS ARE CALLED
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STREPTOCOCCUS
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PACKETS OF 4 COCCUS CELLS ARE CALLED
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TETRAD
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PACKETS OF CUBES OF 8 16 32 CELLS OF COCCUS CELLS ARE CALLED
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SARCINAE
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RANDOM CLUSTERS OF COCCUS CELLS ARE CALLED
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STAPHLOCOCCUS
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STEP LIKE BACILLUS CELLS ARE CALLED
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PALISADE
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COLONY CHARACHTERISTICS
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MILLIONS OF CELLS VISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE,,,VISIBLE WHEN GROWN ON A SOLID PLATE MEDIUM
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WHAT SEPARATES THE INTERIOR OF THE CELL FROM THE EXTERIOR
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PLASMA MEMBRANE
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WHAT ARE THE TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
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PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER,,,PROTEINS EMBEDDED IN THE BILAYER.
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THE HEAD OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER IS CALLED THE
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PHOSPHATE HEAD
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THE TAILS OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER ARE CALLED....
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FATTY ACID TAILS...
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PHOSPHATE HEADS ARE ...HYDROPHOBIC OR HYDROPHILIC
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HYDROPHILIC
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FATTY ACID TAILS ARE...HYDROPHOBIC OR HYDROPHILIC
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HYDROPHOBIC
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FATTY ACID TAILS ARE ...POLAR OR NON-POLAR
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NON-POLAR
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF PROCARYOTIC CELLS
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SITE OF METABOLIC REACTIONS SUCH AS PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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THE ______ ___________ OF A PROCARYOTIC CELL ALLOWS A CELL TO ________ ITS ENVRONMENT
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PLASMA MEMBRANE SENSE
TEMPERATURE, pH, LIGHT, FOOD, ETC |
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DEFINE PERMEABLE
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ALLOWS IN AND OUT FLOW
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THE PM OF A PROCARYOTIC CELL SERVES AS A __________ __________ ( TYPE OF BARRIER)
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SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE BARRIER
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A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE BARRIER ( PROCARYOTIC CELLS) CONTROLS ____________
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MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL
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NAME THE (3) TYPES OF MOVEMENT RELATED TO PROCARYOTIC CELLS PM
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PASSIVE DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION ACTIVE TRANSPORT |
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE THAT WAS USED IN THE CLASSROOM TO DEMONSTRATE PASSIVE DIFFUSION
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BEAKER FILLED WITH WATER,,,BLU DYE ADDED
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IN PASSIVE DIFFUSION ( MOVEMENT TYPE FOR PM IN PROCARYOTIC CELLS) CONCENTRATION GOES FROM ____ TO _____
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HIGH TO LOW
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IN PASSIVE DIFFUSION....IS ENERGY REQUIRED BY THE CELL
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NO ENERGY IS REQUIRED BY THE CELL IN PASSIVE DIFFUSION
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IN PASSIVE DIFFUSION...RATE DEPENDS ON WHAT
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IN PASSIVE DIFFUSION RATE DEPENDS ON [ ] ....EX. WATER, CO2, O2
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FACILITATED DIFFUSION IS MOVEMENT FROM ______________ TO ______________________
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HIGH [] TO LOW [ ]
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FACILITATED MOVEMENT IS ONE OF THREE WAYS THAT THE PLASMA MEMBRANE MOVES IN PROCARYOTIC CELLS
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NOTE
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IS ENERGY REQUIRED BY THE CELL IN FACILITATED DIFFUSION
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NO ENERGY IS REQUIRED BY THE CELL IN FACILITATED DIFFUSION
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IN FACILITATED DIFFUSION THE CELL REQUIRES
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A PROTEIN CARRIER
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IN FACILITATED DIFFUSION " RATE" DEPENDS ON
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# OF CARRIERS
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GIVE THE EXAMPLE USED IN THE CLASSROOM OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION
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2 DOGS TRYING TO GO THROUGH 1 DOGGY DOOR
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FACILITATED DIFFUSION SATURABLE OR NONSATURABLE
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SATURABLE
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GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION
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SUGARS, AMINO ACIDS
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DEFINE THE "CELL WALL" OF PROCARYOTIC CELLS
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AN ADDITIONAL LAYER OUTSIDE OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
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IN PROCARYOTIC CELLS.....WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CELL WALL
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PROTECTION, AND MAINTAINS THE SHAPE OF THE CELL
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WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF CELL WALL TYPES IN PROCARYOTIC CELLS
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GRAM + , GRAM -
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DEFINE PEPTIDOGLYCAN
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PROTEIN AND SUGAR
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IN PROCARYOTIC CELL WALLS GRAM+ AND GRAM - BOTH HAVE PEPTIDOGLYCAN
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NOTE
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THE CELL WALLS OF GRAM + ARE COMPOSED OF
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A THICK LAYER OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN
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HOW THICK IS THE THICK LAYER OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN GRAM + CELL WALLS
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20-80 nm
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THE CELL WALLS OF GRAM - ARE COMPOSED OF
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A THIN LAYER OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN
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HOW THICK IS THE LAYER OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN GRAM - CELL WALLS
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1-3 nm SMALLER THAN IN GRAM + CELL WALLS
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GRAM - CELL WALLS HAVE AN INNER MEMBRANE MADE OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN....WHAT IS THE INNER FACE (OF THE OUTER MEMBRANE) MADE OF
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THE INNER FACE OF GRAM - CELL WALLS ARE PHOSPHOLIPIDS
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THE OUTER FACE OF GRAM - CELL WALLS ARE COMPOSED OF_____________
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LIPOSACCHARIDES (LPS)
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LIPOSACCHARIDES MAKE THE OUTER MEMBRANE OF (GRAM POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE) LESS PERMEABLE THAN THE PM AND LESS PERMEABLE THAN GRAM (+ -) CELL WALL
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GRAM - GRAM +
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WHAT DOES PENICILLAN DO TO PEPTIDOGLYCAN
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DEGRADES IT
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IS PENICILLAN MORE EFFECTIVE AGAINST A GRAM + OR GRAM - CELL WALL
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PENICILLAN IS MORE EFFECTIVE AGAINST A GRAM + CELL WALL
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GRAM - CELL WALLS ARE (MORE OR LESS) PERMEABLE THAN GRAM + CELL WALLS
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GRAM - CELL WALL IS LESS PERMEABLE
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GLYCO=
CALYX= |
SUGAR
SHELL |
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DEFINE GLYCOCALYX
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AN ADDITIONAL LAYER OUTSIDE OF THE CELL WALL.
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WHAT IS GLYCOCALYX PRIMARILY COMPOSED OF
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POLYSACCHARIDES ( EX. DEXTRAN)
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IS GLYCOCALYX PRESENT IN ALL PROCARYOTES
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NO
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LIST (3) FUNCTIONS OF GLYCOCALYX
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ALLOWS CELL TO ADHERE TO SOLID SURFACES
-PROTECTS CELL FROM DRYING OUT -PROTECTS CELL FROM BEING ATTACKED BY CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM |
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NAME THE TWO TYPES OF GLYCOCAYX
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CAPSULE, SLIME LAYER
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DEFINE CAPSULE
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A CAPSULE IS A FORM OF GLYCOCALYX THAT IS THICK WELL ORGANIZED AND FIRMLY ATTATCHED TO THE CELL WALL (SOME PROCARYOTES) CAPSULES ARE USUALLY COMPRISED OF POLYSACCHARIDES
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DEFINE SLIME LAYER
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A SLIME LAYER IS A FORM OF GLYCOCALYX THAT IS THIN, NOT WELL ORGANIZED & LOOSELY ATTATCHED TO THE CELL WALL
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GIVEE AN EXAMPLE OF A SLIME LAYER
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STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS (TEETH)
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DEFINE PILI AND FIMBRIAE
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RELATIVELY SHORT HAIR LIKE EXTENSIONS FROM THE CELL ( PROCARYOTES)
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PILI AND FIMBRIAE IN PROCARYOTE CELLS
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THEY ALLOW PROCARYOTE CELLS TO ADHERE TO SOLID SURFACES
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WHAT IS LONGER (PILI OR FIMBRAE) AND GIVE SPECIFICS
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PILI ARE LONGER THAN FIMBRIAE,,,AND IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT PILI ARE LESS NUMEROUS THAN FIMBRIAE
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ON A PROCARYOTE CELL, HOW MANY PILI CAN WE USUALLY EXPECT TO SEE ON THE SURFACE OF THE CELL
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USUALL THERE ARE 1-10 ON THE SURFACE
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF PILI
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E-COLI ATTATCHING TO THE LARGE INTESTINE
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ARE FIMBRIAE LONGER OR SHORTER THAN PILI
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SHORTER THAN PILI
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HOW MANY FIMBRIAE CAN WE USUALLY EXPECT TO SEE ON THE SURFACE OF THE CELL
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USUALLY > THAN 100
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF FIMBRIAE
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THE BACTERIUM THAT CAUSES GHONORHEA USES FIMBRIAE TO ATT TO THE UROGENITAL TRACT.
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EXPLAIN THE EXPERIMENT THAT WAS USED WITH THE MUTANT E-COLI
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A MUTANT E-COLI WAS CREATED WITH NO PILI.
---30 STUDENTS DRANK FRUIT PUNCH W/ MUTANT E-COLI...NO DIARRHEA ----30 STUDENTS DRANK FRUIT PUNCH W/ E-COLI W/ PILI....POSITIVE FOR DIARRHEA |
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DEFINE FLAGELLUM
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LONG HAIR LIKE EXTENSION FROM THE CELL SURFACE. (PROCARYOTE CELLS)
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE FLAGELLUM IN PROCARYOTE CELLS
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MOTILITY
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HOW DOES THE FLAGELLUM MOVE
IN PROCARYOTE CELLS |
IT ROTATES
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IN PROCARYOTE CELLS DOES THE FLAGELLA USE UNDULATION
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NO
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IN PROCARYOTE CELLS,,,,LIST THE STRUCTURE ( 3 ) PARTS OF THE FLAGELLUM
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BASIL BODY
HOOK FILAMENT |
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DEFINE THE FUNCTION OF THE BASIL BODY IN THE FLAGELLUM OF PRO. CELLS
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ANCHORS THE FLAGELLUM TO THE CELL WALL OF PROC. CELLS AND TO THE PM
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DEFINE THE "HOOK" OF THE FLAGELLUM PRO C.
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INTERMEDIATE PART, BTWN THE BASIL BODY AND FILAMENT
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LONGEST PORTION OF THE FLAGELLUM, USUALLY AS LONG AS THE CELL ITSELF
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DEFINE "FILAMENT" OF THE FLAGELLUM PRO C.
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LIST THE (5) FLAGELLAR ARRANGEMENTS OF PROC C.
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NONE
MONOTRICHOUS AMPHITRICHOUS LOPOTRICHOUS PERITRICHOUS |
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MONO=ONE
TRICHO=HAIR |
NOTE
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MONOTRICHOUS =
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ONE SINGLE FLAGELLUM
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AMPHITRICHOUS = __________________ P.C.
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ONE OR MORE FLAGELLA ON BOTH ENDS OF THE CELL
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LOPHOTRICHOUS = __________
P.C. |
MANY FLAGELLA ORIGINATING FROM ONE END
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PERITRICHOUS = __________
P.C. |
MANY FLAGELLA ALL OVER THE SURFACE OF THE CELL
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HOW DO FLAGELLA ROTATE IN P.C.
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FLAGELLA ROTATE TO CREATE A "TUMBLE AND RUN" PATTERN OF MOVEMENT
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WITHOUT A STIMULUS...TIME SPENT TUMBLING AND RUNNING OF FLAGELLA IN P.C IS ABOUT EQUAL...DIRECTION IS RANDOM
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NOTE
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IF FLAGELLA OF A P.C HAVE AN ATTRACTANT.....EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENS AS FAR AS THERE MOVEMENT
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MORE TIME SPENT RUNNING, LESS TUMBLING ,,,MOVEMENT IS TOWARDS THE ATTRACTANT
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IF FLAGELLA OF A P.C. HAVE A REPELLANT....EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENS AS FAR AS THERE MOVEMENT
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EQUAL TIME TUMBLING AND RUNNING....MOVEMENT IS AWAY FROM THE FLAGELLA
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DEFINE ENDOSPORES P.C.
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A MINI, DORMANT VERSION OF THE CELL
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WHAT IS THE FUNC. OF ENDOSPORES OF P.C.
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TO SURVIVE HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS CHANGE IN TEMP, PH, LACK OF FOOD SUPPLY, TOXINS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
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ONCE ENDOSPORES HAVE FORMED,,,,WHAT DO THEY DO... P.C.
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THEY "WAIT" FOR CONDITIONS TO IMPROVE AND THEN GERMINATE BACK INTO A NORMAL CELL
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CAN ALL SPECIES FORM ENDOSPORES P.C.
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NO
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ARE ENDOSPORES MORE COMMON IN GRAM + OR GRAM - CELL WALLS
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MORE COMMON IN GRAM + SPORES CAN FORM IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS W/IN THE CELL
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IS CYTOPLASM LOCATED ON THE INTERIOR OR EXTERIOR OF P.C
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CYTOPLASM IS ON THE EXTERIOR OF P.C.
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DEFINE CYTOPLASM P.C
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FLUID INSIDE OF THE CELL.
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WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF CYTOPLASM IN P.C.
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CYTOPLASM IS COMPOSED MAINLY OF WATER ALSO A MIXTURE OF PROTEINS SUGARS, SALTS, AND VITAMINS
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WHAT IS A NUCLEOID COMPOSED OF IN P.C.
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NUCLEOIDS IN P.C ARE COMPOSED OF DNA. USUALLY A SINGLE CIRCULAR MOLECULE OF DNA
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HOW MANY MOLECULES OF DNA DOES A NUCLEOID CONTAIN
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UP TO 3,500 GENES
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NUCLEOIDS IN P.C.
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NUCLEOIDS CONTAIN THE "BLUEPRINTS" OR INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL
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WHAT SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION IS CONTAINED IN THE NUCLEOID OF P.C
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INSTRUCTION FOR THE CREATION OF PROTEINS.
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DEFINE THE STRUCTURE OF "PLASMIDS" IN P.C.
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PLASMIDS ARE SMALLER THAN NUCLEOIDS, THEY'RE CIRCULAR FRAGMENTS OF DNA
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HOW MANY GENES DO WE USUALLY FIND IN PLASMIDS
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USUALLY THE NUMBER IS SMALL BTWN 5-100 GENES
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLASMIDS IN P.C.
|
PLASMIDS PROVIDE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE "GOODIES" ....EXTRA THINGS THAT AREN'T REQUIRED FOR USUAL FUNCTION EXAMPLE TOXINS OR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
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DEFINE THE STRUCTURE OF RIBOSOMES IN P.C.
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COMPOSED OF PROTEIN AND RIBOSOMAL DNA
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF RIBOSOMES IN P.C.
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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS USING INSTRUCTIONS FROM DNA
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LIST THE TWO LOCATIONS OF RIBOSOMES IN P.C.
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FREE
ATTATCHED TO THE PLASMA MEMBRANE |
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DEFINE "FREE RIBOSOMES" P.C
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FLOATING IN CYTOPLASM
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WHAT ARE "FREE RIBOSOMES" USED FOR IN P.C.
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FREE RIBOSOMES ARE USED TO CREATE PROTEINS FOR USE INSIDE OF THE CELL
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RIBOSOMES THAT ARE "ATTATCHED TO THE PLASMA MEMBRANE"ARE USED ___________
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TO CREATE PROTEINS THAT WILL BE SECRETED FROM THE CELL OR BECOME PART OF THE PM OR THE CELL WALL
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DEFINE THE STRUCTURE OF " MOLECULAR CHAPERONES" P.C.
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PROTEINS THAT ARE IN CYTOPLASM OR THE PM
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF "MOLECULAR CHAPERONES" IN P.C.
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HELP FOLD THE NEWLY CREATED PROTEINS INTO THEIR "MATURE" 3-D STRUCTURE, AND HELPS MOVE PROTEINS ACROSS THE PM
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WHAT HELPS TO MOVE PROTEINS ACROSS THE PM IN P.C.
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MOLECULAR CHAPERONES
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DEFINE THE STRUCTURE OF "GRANULES OR INCLUSION BODIES"
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HIGHLY COMPACTED AGGREGATES SUCH AS GLYCOGEN (POLYSACCHARIDE) LIPIDS, IRON, SULFER, PHOSPHATES,
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF GRANULES OR INCLUSION BODIES IN P.C.
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STORAGE
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