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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agenesis
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Bilateral renal agenesis (Potter Syndrome). failure of an organ to develop
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Extopia
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Stay in pelvis or presacral
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Horse-shoe kidney
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which occurs when the kidneys fail to separate at the lower pole during development, may cause compression of the vena cava or aorta
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Extopic Kidney
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abnormal upward migration of the fetal kidneys results in positional anomalies
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Autosomal Dominant Polycystic disease is caused by
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an abnormality in one gene
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With renal cystic disease when does renal failure occur?
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during adulthood
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What is Exstrophy
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The absence of a portion of the lower abdominal wall and the anterior wall of the bladder
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What are the clinical features of Exstrophy
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1. continuous leakage of urine
2. cause persistent or re-current local infection 3. increase the risk of ascending urinary tract infection 4. may progress into adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma |
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An upper UTI affects what
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Kidneys and ureters
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A lower UTI affects what
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Bladder and the urethra
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Pyelonephritis
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Renal pelvis inflammation
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Cystitis
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Bladder inflammation
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Urethritis
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Inflammation of the urether
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What is the classic cause of urethritis?
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Neisseria Gonorrhoeae; but also chlamydia, e coli, or mycoplasma
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What is dysuria
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painful urination
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What are the classic cause of urethritis?
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Urinary frequency, dysuria and urethral discharge characterize urethral inflammation regardless of the cause
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What is urethritis and what is a common cause?
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Acute inflammation of the urethra and common to gonococcus
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non-specific urethritis is often due to?
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chlamydia infection
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How do you describe reiter's syndrome?
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in reiter's syndrome, in addition ot urethritis, there is arthritis and conjuctivitis
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How does a patient present with cystitis?
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Patient presents with urgency, dysuria, and hematuria; bacteria and leukocytes can be detected in the urine
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What are the features of malakoplakia
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macrophage containing mucosal plaques
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Squamous Metaplasia
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usually associated with calculi and chronic cystitis
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What is vesicoureteral reflux
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vesicoureteral reflux is a congenital condition which can be corrected by surgery
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What is pyelonephritis
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bacterial infection of the kidneys, renal calices, and renal pelvis
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What is pyelonephritis caused by
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gram-negative uropathogens
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What gram-neg uropathogens cause pyelonephritis
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KEEPS:
Klebsiella Escherichia coli enterobactor proteus serratia |
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Characteristic of Chronic Pyelonephritis
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scarring of the kidney, deformities of the collecting system, hydronephrosis, loss of the renal parenchyma
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What are complications associated with chronic pyleonephritis
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end-stage kidney disease, papillary necrosis
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What are the causes of urinary stones
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calcium oxalate and calicum phosphate stones
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What type of urine does struvite stones - staghorn calculi - form in
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alkaline urine
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Classic presentation of acute renal colic
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severe flank pain, radiation to groin, vomiting and urinary symptoms, blood in urine
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What is the common cause of hydronephrosis
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hydronephrosis commonly results from an obstruction lovated at the junction of the ureter and renal pelvis
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wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
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is a malignant tumor originating from the renal blastema
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A palpable abdominal mass can be an indication of what three possible conditions
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multicystic renal dysplasia, wilms tumor, neuroblastoma of the adrenal tumor
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Renal cell carcinoma is derived from what
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renal tubular cells
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What is the classic triad of renal cell carcinoma
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hematuria, flank pain, and a mass
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urethral caruncle
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inflammatory lesion near the femal urethral meatus that produces pain and bleeding
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What forms struvite stones (staghorn calculi)
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ammonium magnesium phosphate
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Urolithiasis is
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kidney stone
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What is the most common type of urinary stone
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most common urolithiasis; are calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones
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What type of stone is associated with leukemia and chemotherapy
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uric acid stone
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What type of stone is associated with metabolic disorder
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uric acid stone
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What type of stone is associated with gout
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uric acid stone
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what type of stone is associated with alkaline urine
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calcium stones, (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate) and struvite stones
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What are complications of kidney stone
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1. urinary colics
2. hydroureter and hydronephrosis 3. infection |
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What type of stone is associated with UTI
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struvite
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what is the most common childhood tumor
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wilms tumor
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what condition is associated with urinary bladder cancer
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squamous metaplasia
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What are the predisposing factors for squamous cell cancer
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calculi and chronic cystitis
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what are calculi
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mineral deposits
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