Dr. Jasti I

Front 1

Oral Route dosage forms

Back 1

Solid dosage forms:
tablets
capsules
powders

Liquid dosage forms:
solutions
syprups
elixirs
emulsions
suspensions

NO: suppository, ointment

Front 2

Sublingual route dosage forms

Back 2

tablets
troches or lozenges

Front 3

Intraocular route dosage forms

Back 3

solutions
ointments
occusert, Pilocarpine

Front 4

Occusert

Back 4

Specialized Dosage form.

Occusert can stay in the eye for almost a week. It is used for the treatment of interocular pressure.

You lower the eyelid and insert occusert into the cavity that is behind the lower eyelid and then forget about it for a week. After a week it has some titanium ring so you can locate it and take it out.

Front 5

Inraaural Route dosage forms

Back 5

(ear)

solutions
suspensions
emulsions
ointments
powders

NO: solution, tablet, suppository

Front 6

Intranasal Route dosage forms

Back 6

solutions
inhalations, insulin
ointments

Front 7

Nektar

Aerx & Aradigm

Back 7

Insluin. Nektar is taking insulin through inhalation.

Aerx & aradigm also try to deliver an exact amount of insulin through lungs.

Front 8

Exubera

Back 8

The product that got approveld as insulin through inhalation.

Front 9

Epicutaneous/Transdermal Route Dosage Forms

Back 9

Semisolid dosage forms (ointments, creams, pastes)

Liquid dosage forms (lotions, solutions)

Solid dosage forms (powders: diaper rash, athlete foot)

Front 10

Intrarespiratory Dosage forms

Back 10

Aerosols, Gases, Anesthetics

*administer through the nose or inhale by the mouth --> goes to lungs

Front 11

Rectal route dosage forms

Back 11

solutions, ointments, suppositories

NO: tablets, emulsions, sponge

Front 12

If you insert a suppository in the rectum, which veins do you want it to get absorbed to so no liver metabolism occurs?

Back 12

It gets absorbed into the middle hemmorhoidal vein and inferior hemorrhoidal vein, this goes to common iliac vein. No liver metabolism. Good!

If it gets too high, then it gets absorbed by the superior hemorrhoidal vein and goes to the liver. Bad!

Front 13

Vaginal route dosage forms

Back 13

solutions, emulsions, ointments, tablets, suppositories, inserts, sponge

Front 14

Urethral Route dosage forms

Back 14

Solutions
Suppositories

NO: ointments

Front 15

Are drugs better absorbed in an ionisized or unionized state?

Back 15

If it exists in unionized state, then it gets absorbed better.

Front 16

Nitroglycerine is administered in what route?

Back 16

Sublingual administration. Nitroglycerine gets absorbed under the tongue and it can bypass the liver metabolism.

Front 17

Striant is a drug administered in what oral route?

Back 17

Buccal administration. Tablet goes in cheek or gum line. It gets hard and release a small amount of testosterone. Take it once a day. As it absorbs water, it becomes like a pillow sitting on your cheek.

Front 18

What are some limitations of the oral route?

Back 18

- variable absorption
- absorption is limited
- liver metabolism (first pass effect)
- some patients are unable to swallow
- stability of drug in GI tract
- effect of food, griseofelvin

Front 19

Griseofelvin

Back 19

If you administer this drug after a fatty meal, it gets absorbed much better.

Front 20

What is the fastest way to get the drug into the circulation? Second fastest?

Back 20

Directily into the blood through intravenous. Going to the lung is the second fastest way.

Front 21

What are the advantages and disadvantages of rectal administration?

Back 21

Rectal administration has the potential to bypass liver metabolism effect. So most of the time, suppositories are used for a laxative effect, a soothing effect. Somebody suffering from hemorrhoids. It is also for people suffering from nausea. And the disadvantage is that it has irregular absorption. It is also not convenient for the administrator or the patient.

Front 22

Parental Routes

Back 22

Durgs are administered through the routes other than the GI tract. Includes mostly injection administrotions: Intravenous, IV, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intratrachial.

Front 23

Topical Administration sites

Back 23

skin, eye, nasal cavity, oral cavity

Front 24

How do you select the route of administration?

Back 24

Therapeutics Considerations (Based upon the patient condition and dosage forms)

Biopharmaceutics considerations: Rate of absorption (You may want to use sublingual rather than oral because it is much faster, has a rapid onset), extent of absorption.